Zolemba za Fermat ndi gawo lake pakukula masamu

Zolemba za Fermat, zinsinsi zake komanso kufufuza kosatha zothetsera vutoli zimakhala ndi malo apadera pamasamu ambiri. Ngakhale kuti njira yosavuta komanso yokongola siinapezeke, ntchitoyi inachititsa chidwi kuti zipeze zochitika zambiri m'makhalidwe a chiwerengero ndi ziwerengero zazikulu. Kufunafuna yankho kunasanduka njira yokondweretsa pakati pa masukulu apamwamba a masamu, ndipo adawonetsanso ophunzira ochuluka omwe adziphunzitsa okha omwe ali ndi njira zoyambirira za mavuto ena kapena masamu.

Pierre Fermat mwiniwake anali chitsanzo chabwino cha kudziphunzitsa koteroko. Anasiya kumbuyo kwake mndandanda wa zozizwitsa zosangalatsa ndi umboni, osati masamu, koma, mwachitsanzo, mufizikiki. Komabe, adadziŵika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwazing'ono m'minda ya "Arithmetic" yotchuka kwambiri ya wofufuza wakale wachigiriki Diophantus. Bukuli linati, ataganizira zambiri, adapeza umboni wosavuta komanso "wozizwitsa" wa chiphunzitso chake. Theorem, yomwe inatsikira m'mbiri monga "Fermat's theorem yaikulu," adanena kuti mawu x ^ n + y ^ n = z ^ n sangathetsere ngati mtengo wa n uli wamkulu kuposa awiri.

Pierre Fermat mwiniwake , mosasamala kanthu za ndondomeko yomwe yatsalira m'mphepete mwake, sanasiye njira yothetsera vutoli, koma ambiri amene anatsimikizira kuti aoremasi awa anali opanda mphamvu. Ambiri ayesera kumanga umboni wa Fermat weniweni wawotsimikiziranso izi, pamene n ndi 4, koma zosiyana siyana zidakhala zosayenera.

Leonard Euler atayesetsa kwambiri adatsimikizira kuti Fermat ndi theory kwa n = 3, pambuyo pake adakakamizidwa kuti asiye kufufuza, kuwapeza kuti sakufuna. Patapita nthawi, pamene njira zatsopano zopeza zosatha zosayambira zinayambika mu sayansi kusintha, chiphunzitsochi chinapeza umboni wake pa nambala yowerengeka kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 200, koma sizinatheke kuthetsa izo mu mawonekedwe onse.

Zolemba za Fermat zinapatsidwa mphamvu zatsopano kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi awiri, pamene mphoto ya zikwi zana zidalengezedwa kwa yemwe angapeze yankho lake. Kufunafuna yankho kwa kanthaŵi kunasandulika mpikisano weniweni, momwe sizinali zokha asayansi ovomerezeka, komanso nzika zodziwika zomwe zinagwira nawo ntchito: Fermat theorem, kutanthauzira kwake komwe sikunagwirizane ndi kutanthauzira kwachiwiri, pang'onopang'ono anakhala wotchuka kuposa Pythagoras 'theorem, , Iye nthawi ina anatuluka.

Pokubwera magetsi oyambirira komanso makompyuta amphamvu, zinali zotheka kupeza umboni wokhudzana ndi chiphunzitsochi, komabe kawirikawiri umboniwo sunali wotheka. Komabe, palibe amene angatsutsane ndi theoremyi. Patapita nthaŵi, chidwi chofuna kupeza yankho la mwambi uwu chinayamba kugonjetsedwa. Muzinthu zambiri izi zinali chifukwa chakuti umboni wina unali kubwera kale pamfundo yomwe anthu wamba sangathe kuchita.

Chimake chodabwitsa cha chidwi cha sayansi, chomwe chimatchedwa "Fermat's theorem", chinali kufufuza kwa E. Wiles, omwe tsopano akuvomerezedwa ngati umboni womaliza wa maganizo awa. Ngati panalibe kukayikira za kulondola kwa umboni wokha, ndiye kuti molondola za theorem iwowo onse amavomereza.

Ngakhale kuti Fermat'sorem sanalandire umboni uliwonse "wosangalatsa," kufufuza kwake kunathandiza kwambiri ku madera ambiri a masamu, kukulitsa kwambiri chidziwitso cha anthu.