Zowongolera bongo - ziri ... Mitundu ya bongo wabwino. Chopinga wa bongo zowongolera

Zowongolera bongo - zimachitika thupi lonse lathunthu kapena mbali iliyonse zake zimene zikuchitika kunja kapena mkati. Iwo zimapezeka kupyolera mofulumira, zofooketsa kapena kumanga kwa ntchito zina.

Zowongolera bongo - izo kudzathandiza thupi, kuwapangitsa iwo kuchita mwamsanga kusintha kulikonse kusintha kwa iwo.

nkhani

Ganizo la reflex wabwino unayambitsidwa ndi nzeru zapamwamba French ndi wasayansi Descartes. Chinachake kenako, Russian physiologist Ivan Sechenov analengedwa ndi experimentally anawatsimikizira chiphunzitso chatsopano za zochita za chamoyo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, izo anapeza kuti bongo ndi zowongolera - ndi limagwirira amene lotengeka ndi osati zigawo msana. Ntchito yake, dziko lonse la mantha ndi mtsikana. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti tizilumikizana ndi chilengedwe.

Anaphunzitsidwa reflex Pavlov. Chapadera Russian wasayansi anali kufotokoza limagwirira cha zochita za kotekisi oziziritsa ndi hemispheres ubongo. Mu XX m'ma, iwo anayamba chiphunzitso cha bongo wabwino. Ntchito imeneyi wasayansi kusintha kwenikweni mu Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Asayansi anali atatsimikizira kuti bongo wabwino - zimachitika za thupi zimene anapeza mu moyo wawo zochokera bongo unconditioned.

achibadwidwe

Mitundu ina ya bongo chopanda malire ndi khalidwe lililonse mitundu ya zamoyo. Iwo akutchedwa achibadwidwe. Ena a iwo ndi zovuta ndithu. Chitsanzo cha ichi atha kutumikira ngati njuchi, amene kuumbidwa khungu, kapena mbalame, lopotana chisa. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa thupi achibadwidwe akhoza atengere optimally kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.

bongo Unconditioned ndi titadziwa. Iwo tinatengera. Komanso, iwo amatchulidwa gulu mitundu, popeza wamba ndi anthu onse a mtundu winawake. Achibadwidwe sizidzatha ndipo amapitirizabe moyo. Iwo amaoneka zikuchitika mokwanira, zimene zaikidwa yeniyeni umodzi kumunda olabadira. Physiologically bongo unconditioned atsekedwa mu tsinde ubongo pa mlingo wa dipatimenti ndi chingwe msana. Zikuoneka anatomically zowonetseredwa ndi Arc reflex.

Koma nyani ndi munthu, amasonyeza zambiri za bongo zovuta unconditioned N'zosatheka nawo wa kotekisi ubongo. Pamene kuyan'anila za kukhulupirika kwa kusintha ake pathological zimachitika bongo unconditioned, ndipo ena a iwo mophweka kutha.

Gawo achibadwidwe

bongo Unconditioned amphamvu kwambiri. Only pansi zinthu zina, pamene mawu awo amasandulika optional, iwo akhoza kutha. Mwachitsanzo, kuŵetedwa pafupi zaka mazana atatu zapitazo, Canary panopa alibe nzeru zachibadwa ku chisa. Zotsatirazi mitundu ya bongo unconditioned:

- The chibadwa cha zitetezeke, amene amamvetsera thupi zosiyanasiyana zikuchitika thupi kapena mankhwala. Kusinkhasinkha koteroko, nayenso kumachitika kwanuko (achire dzanja) kapena kukhala zovuta (kuthawa ngozi).
- Chakudya chibadwa chimene chinayambitsa njala ndi kudya. Izi reflex unconditioned zikuphatikizapo unyolo zochita motsatizana - kuchokera kupeza nyama kuukira ndi anadya.
- Makolo ndi kugonana achibadwidwe zokhudzana yokonza ndi kubalana a mitundu.

- Chitonthozo Mwachibadwa kutumikira kukhalabe m'thupi mu chiyero (kusamba, kukanda, kugwedezeka, etc.).
- akusonyeza nzeru zachibadwa pamene kutembenukira kwa maso kuwalimbikitsa ndi mutu. reflex Izi ndi zofunika kwa miyoyo.
- The Mwachibadwa ufulu, amene bwino kwambiri m'kukoma khalidwe la nyama mu ukapolo. Iwo ankachita mukufuna kusiya, ndipo kawirikawiri kufa ndi kukana chakudya ndi madzi.

Zikamera wa bongo zowongolera

Pa moyo wa achibadwidwe tinatengera kuwonjezera pa zochita zinazake. Iwo amatchedwa bongo wabwino. Iwo anapeza mwa thupi chifukwa cha chitukuko payekha. Pachokera bongo wabwino ndi chokuchitikirani moyo. Mosiyana achibadwidwe awa munthu anachita. Iwo akhoza kukhala pano mu ena a mitundu ndi kwina ena. Komanso, reflex wabwino ndi anachita kuti akhoza sunakhazikike pa moyo wawo. Akamaziwononga chifukwa amapangidwa, mapulani izo kusiyiratu. The bongo wabwino - zimachitika zomwe zingachitike zikuchitika zosiyanasiyana, cholandilira Ufumuyo minda osiyana. Pochita zimenezi, iwo amasiyana achibadwidwe.

Limagwirira wa reflex wabwino chatsekedwa pa mlingo wa wa kotekisi ubongo. Ngati inu kuwachotsa, ndi chibadwa chokha adzatsala.

zowongolera reflex mapangidwe zikuchitika pa maziko a popanda chifukwa. Kugwira ntchito imeneyi n'kofunika kukwaniritsa zinthu zina. Choncho kusintha chilengedwe kunja ayenera pamodzi nthawi boma mkati mwa thupi ndi oziziritsa kotekisi anazindikira imodzi ndi anachita ndi anachita chopanda malire chamoyo. Only mu nkhani iyi, ndi zowongolera nzothandiza kapena chizindikiro chimene chimapangitsa kuti zikamera a reflex wabwino.

zitsanzo

Pakuti maonekedwe a thupi anachita monga malovu pa kulira mipeni ndi mafoloko, ndipo pamene kugogoda makapu kudyetsa ziweto (munthu ndi galu, motero), choyambilira akubwerezedwa mwangozi deta phokoso ndi ndondomeko ya chakudya.

Mofananamo, mphete kamvekedwe kapena kusinthana babu adzachititsa kufewetsa mafupa mphamvu galu, ngati zinthuzo zinachitika mobwerezabwereza, limodzi ndi kukondoweza magetsi wa miyendo nyama, amene anaonekera chifukwa cha flexion reflex mtundu popanda chifukwa.

Zowongolera reflex ndi flick wa mwana amangomvera moto ndipo anayamba kulira. Koma zinthu zimenezi zidzachitika pokhapokha ngati mtundu wa moto, ngakhale kamodzi, chinachitikira ndi amayaka.

zigawo mosiyanasiyana

Yankho thupi kuwalimbikitsa ndi kusintha kupuma, katulutsidwe gululi ndi zina zotero. D. Monga ulamuliro, bongo unconditioned ndi zochita zovuta kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake zigawo zingapo m'gulu zikuchokera awo. Mwachitsanzo, reflex kumbuyo limodzi ndi osati kusuntha kumbuyo, komanso kupuma mofulumira, mofulumira ntchito za minofu mtima, kusintha magazi zikuchokera. Izi zingaoneke komanso mmene mawu. Koma reflex chakudya, palinso kupuma, secretory, ndi mbali mtima.

Makonzedwe anachita zambiri kubereka dongosolo unconditioned. Izi ndi chifukwa malemeredwe wa zikuchitika kwa malo omwewo mitsempha.

Gulu la bongo zowongolera

Anapeza mayankho thupi zikuchitika zosiyanasiyana kugawidwa ndi mtundu. Ena mwa classifications alipo n'zofunika kwambiri kuthetsa osati ongolankhula komanso zothandiza mavuto. Mafomu deta chidziwitso ndi masewera ntchito.

Natural ndi kupanga thupi anachita

Pali bongo wabwino kuti zidzachitika mu zochita za chizindikiro khalidwe la katundu zonse unconditioned zikuchitika. Chitsanzo ndi kuona ndi kumva fungo la chakudya. Chotero mayankho wabwino chilengedwe. Iwo yodziwika ndi liwiro ndi kupoletsa ndi kukana lalikulu. Natural bongo, ngakhale pakalibe reinforcements zina akhoza anapitiriza moyo. Mtengo wa reflex wabwino ndi makamaka lalikulu mu magawo oyambirira a moyo wa chamoyo, pamene izo Amasintha kwa zachilengedwe.
Komabe, zimene zikhoza zinayenda zosiyanasiyana chizindikiro osayanjanitsika monga fungo, phokoso, kutentha, kuwala ndi zina zotero. E. Iwo sali zikuchitika mu pompo-pompo. Kuti maganizo amatchedwa yokumba. Iwo anayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakalibe reinforcements mofulumira kutha. Mwachitsanzo, yokumba wabwino bongo wa munthu - zimachitika kuti belu abwino, kukhudza khungu, chifooke kapena kulimbitsa kuyatsa, etc ...

Dongosolo loyamba ndi apamwamba

Pali mitundu ina ya bongo wabwino, amene anapanga pa maziko a popanda chifukwa. Izi loyamba kuti anachita. Pali mitundu apamwamba. Choncho zochita kuti amapangidwa pa maziko a bongo makonzedwe alipo, amatanthauza anachita Wapamwamba. Kodi iwo ati? Posankha ngati bongo makonzedwe amapezeka zolimba osayanjanitsika chizindikiro wabwino zikuchitika bwino anaphatikizana.

Mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a mkwiyo kuitana zonse anatsindika chakudya. Pankhaniyi, pali Kukula kwa reflex wabwino wa dongosolo loyamba. Pa maziko ake anachita akhoza wotetezedwa ndi pa nzothandiza Mwachitsanzo, kuwala. Ichi chidzakhala reflex wabwino wa dongosolo chachiwiri.

Zabwino ndi zoipa zosiyanasiyana

Zowongolera bongo zingakhudze ntchito za chamoyo. Zimenezi ndi zabwino. Chiwonetsero cha bongo wabwino deta ikhoza kukhala secretory kapena galimoto ntchito. Ngati ntchito ya thupi palibe ndiye zimene anali wachinsinsi monga negative. Pakuti anatengera kwa zikhalidwe zikusintha chilengedwe ndi limodzi, ndi mtundu wachiwiri ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Pankhaniyi, pali ubale wawo, pali akamenyane ena pa zosayembekezereka mtundu umodzi wa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pamene lamulo phokoso "Chisamaliro!" Minofu ali mu malo ena. Choncho braked zochita za galimoto (akuthamanga, kuyenda, ndi zina zotero. D.).

Limagwirira mapangidwe

Zowongolera bongo zidzachitika mu kuchitapo kanthu panthawi imodzi ya nzothandiza wabwino ndi reflex unconditioned. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukwaniritsa zinthu zina:

- unconditioned reflex biologically mphamvu;
- kusonyezedwa kwa nzothandiza wabwino, pang'ono patsogolo zochita za chibadwa cha;
- ndi kuwalimbikitsa wabwino kwenikweni mothandizidwa ndi zochita za unconditioned;
- thupi ziyenera kukhala maso ndi kukhala wathanzi;
- Kusunga chikhalidwe cha pakalibe zikuchitika extraneous popanga kanthu evasive.

The malo ya bongo wabwino ali kotekisi oziziritsa, kukhazikitsa kugwirizana zosakhalitsa (yochepa circuiting) pakati pawo. Pankhaniyi, mkwiyo wa amaona ndi manyuroni yokhudza kotekisi, amene ali gawo la Arc wa reflex unconditioned.

Chopinga mayankho zowongolera

Pofuna khalidwe okwanira wa chamoyo, ndi bwino kuti zigwirizane ndi malo mmodzi wa zowongolera sadzakhala zokwanira. Tikufunika Inde wosiyana kanthu. Iwo chopinga wa bongo wabwino. Iyi ndiyo njira ya kuthetsa zochita za chamoyo chimene Sikuti. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso mwakuchita Pavlov, kusiyanitsa mitundu ina ya chopinga yokhudza kotekisi. Woyamba wa iwo akunena popanda chifukwa. Iwo ubwera monga kuyankha zochita za nzothandiza dziko lililonse. Komanso pali braking mkati. Iwo akutchedwa makonzedwe.

kunja chopinga

Dzina limeneli, yankho analandira mogwirizana ndi chakuti ake thandizo chitukuko ndi ndondomeko zikuchitika m'madera a kotekisi, amene samatenga mbali kukhazikitsa ntchito reflex. Mwachitsanzo, lachilendo fungo, phokoso kapena kuunikira kusintha isanayambe wa reflex chakudya kungachepetse wake kapena kulimbikitsa ikutha. Latsopano kuwalimbikitsa ndi zinalepheretsa ayankhe wabwino.

bongo Alimentary angathe kuthetsedwa ndi zikuchitika chopweteka. Braking thupi amalimbikitsa anachita zikusefukira chikhodzodzo, emesis, njira yotupa ndi T mkati. D. Iwo onse ziletsa bongo chakudya.

chopinga mkati

Kumachitika pamene mbendera analandira sagwirizana ndi kuwalimbikitsa unconditioned. Internal chopinga wa bongo wabwino zimachitika ngati, mwachitsanzo, nyama masana pamaso pa nthawi m'nyimbozo babu magetsi, popanda kubweretsa chakudya. Iwo experimentally anasonyeza kuti nthawi iliyonse malovu kupanga adzakhala kutha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, zimene kuzimitsidwa kwathunthu. Komabe, reflex Mwamsanga popanda sanachite. Iye anangoti chikafooka. Zikuonekanso kutsimikiziridwa experimentally.

Zowongolera chopinga wa bongo wabwino akhoza kuchotsedwa tsiku lotsatira. Komabe, ngati izi sanachite, thupi anachita nzothandiza, ndiye udzatheratu.

Zosiyanasiyana chopinga mkati

M'kagulu mitundu yambiri ya zochita Kupha zikuchitika. Choncho, potengera kutha kwa bongo wabwino amene si zofunika, ndi kutha mu zikhalidwe anapatsidwa. Pali zosiyanasiyana ina zodabwitsazi. Izi zapadera kapena masiyanidwe braking. Mwachitsanzo, nyama kusiyanitsa chiwerengero cha kumenyedwa kwa metronome, imene adzabweretsa chakudya. Izi zimachitika pamene reflex wabwino poyamba otukuka. Animal kusiyanitsa zikuchitika. Maziko a linachepa, ndi kusungidwa chopinga mkati.

Mtengo wa zochita kuchotsa

Zowongolera chopinga n'chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wa chamoyo. Uyamiko kwa Iye, ndondomeko anatengera chilengedwe bwino kwambiri. Kuthekera lathu zosiyanasiyana mavuto amapereka osakaniza kukondoweza ndi chopinga kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya ndondomeko limodzi ubongo.

Pomaliza

Zowongolera bongo, pali wamphamvu ambiri. Iwo ali chinthu kumene kumatsimikizira khalidwe la zamoyo. Mothandizidwa ndi bongo wabwino wa nyama ndi anthu atengere chilengedwe chawo.

Pali zambiri zizindikiro zotsalira za zochita zimenezi mtengo wa chizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, nyama, podziwa njira ngozi m'njira inayake amanga makhalidwe ake.

The ndondomeko ya mapangidwe bongo wabwino, amene ali mu dongosolo apamwamba, ndi kaphatikizidwe kugwirizana zosakhalitsa.

mfundo ndi malamulo akuwonetseredwa mu mapangidwe si zovuta okha, komanso a zochita pulayimale, ndi chimodzimodzi zamoyo zonse. Ndizoonekeratu ndi mfundo yofunika ya nzeru ndi sayansi kuti ubongo wa munthu sangathe kumvera malamulo onse a zamoyo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zikhoza mwachikulu kuphunzira. Komabe, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti ubongo wa munthu uli ndi khalidwe khalidwe ndi kusiyana lofunika ku opareshoni ya ubongo nyama.