The dothi chapakati Russia. Makhalidwe. Sod-podzolic dothi

dothi Podzolic Russia ndi pakati ambiri mu kanjira pakati. Ndipo iwo amaonedwa osabereka kwambiri. dothi Awa ndi structureless, yodziwika ndi asidi wambiri, komanso pamaso pa m'chizimezime podzolic. Nthawi zambiri anapanga pansi pa denga la nkhalango coniferous.

Mu lamba pakati pa dziko alinso dothi wamba ndi sod. Iwo anapanga mchikakamizo cha zomera herbaceous. Pakati pa mbali ya dothi sod secrete chodziwa zili humus kapena tsankho pakalibe podzol othandiza chimauma tirigu dongosolo. Monga ulamuliro, iwo yodziwika ndi chonde mkulu.

Sod-podzolic dothi ndi zofunika zone sanali wakuda nthaka ya dziko. Zikuphatikizapo chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi sod podzolic wosanjikiza. dothi izi chonde otsika, otsika (0.5 kuti 2.5%) zili humus ndi acidic (pH 4-5) ya njira nthaka. Komanso, humus kaja ali ndi mphamvu yaing'ono (khumi ndi ziwiri masentimita).

Childs, ndi sod-podzolic ndi olemera humus topsheet. Pankhaniyi, miyala Mbali yokhala ngati onyowa ndondomeko mbewu expansions ndi kuwapatutsa kukhala manyowa zimachitika mofulumira kwambiri.

Sod podzolic yodziwika ndi okhutira otsika kwambiri a asafe ndi phosphorous (mu mawonekedwe amene chosakanikirana ndi zomera). Pa dothi ndi zosiyanasiyana kuwala (mchenga loam ndi mchenga), pali chosowa potaziyamu.

nthaka zonse sod-podzolic amakhala ndi zinthu zochepa kwambiri ayodini, nthaka, mkuwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ali osiyana ndi manganese owonjezera. Kuonjezera chonde ya mayiko amenewa m'pofunika kuti zonse mode madzi mpweya, makamaka m'madera ndi mwauchidakwa chinyezi. Chonde wosanjikiza ndi chinawonjezeka ndi ntchito za nthaka feteleza organic. acidity The yafupika mwa liming.

Sod-podzolic mtundu nthaka ndi anagawira makamaka theka kumpoto m'dera sanali wakuda nthaka. mapangidwe awo si nkhalango, koma makamaka meadows ndi. Kumalo amenewa chifukwa cha lifotabe la udzu amapezeka padziko zaka zambiri mwake azitsamba, ndi zatsalira muzu ndi thicker. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika interlacing mizu pa kumtunda kwa mbewu. Izi zimachititsa wosanjikiza limodzi. Iwo amakhala ndi ambiri zatsalira mbewu.

Pakuti sod-podzolic khalidwe nthaka pamaso pa wosanjikiza yochitidwa. akuphatikizapo akufanana mtundu ndi phulusa ng'anjo. Mu ofooka podzolic dothi wosanjikiza makulidwe a masentimita angapo, ndi makulidwe a nthaka yeniyeniyo - pafupi twente kuti masentimita twente-faifi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mayiko amenewa safuna kusintha kwakukulu.

The zinthu zosiyana ndi dothi kwambiri podzolic. The ntchito m'dziko zinthu zimenezi pokhapokha ntchito kusintha iwo. Komanso otsika zili zakudya, pakalibe noncapillary porosity, komanso chowawa mode madzi mpweya, pa osaya kuya (za makumi atatu ndi makumi masentimita) angagone loam, ndi patsinde - wochepa thupi koma zovuta ndi wandiweyani "anajambulapo" wopangidwa makamaka a oxides chitsulo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, nthaka sod-podzolic ayenera anakumba kuti akuya osachepera makumi - makumi asanu masentimita, kapena kukokera dzenje lonse osachepera makumi asanu masentimita kwambiri.

Chifukwa chakuti mbali ya zomera akufa akhalabe dziko thicker kumene kupeza zovuta mpweya bakiteriya kuwonongeka kwa malowedwe organic ndi wotsatira mu zigawo chozama atagona amapezeka bwinobwino. Mu ndondomeko ya chimbudzi anapanga asidi humic kuti atembenuke (chifukwa cha zina zosiyanasiyana mankhwala) mu humins ndipo kenako kutenga mbali mu mapangidwe humus ndi watsopano Komkova dongosolo topsoil.