nthaka PODZOLIC zimakhudza ndondomeko podsolic. kukhudzana ake pazipita zikusonyezedwa nkhalango coniferous.

Ndi pano lili zinthu zonse zofunika kuti muyende ake: madzi chamadzi mode, anachita - wolimba m'maderawo zikuwononga organic zidulo.

Zinyalala ankaimira makamaka CHIKWANGWANI, tannins ndi lignin, anachita ake - acidic, koma okusayidi kashiamu ndi lili osakwanira. Iwo linakwiriridwa makamaka bowa, ndipo imapititsa mapangidwe zidulo zikuwononga fulvic. Komanso, zigawo chapamwamba nthaka poyera kuti kutsuka wolimba kunja mankhwala sungunuka ndi chiwonongeko chachikulu mchere nthaka. Pa njira izi kupasuka mankhwala chiwonongeko pamodzi ndi asidi ndipo madzi zasiyidwa pansipa.

Chifukwa cha - losiyana podzolic kapena eluvial kaja, mmene otsika mphamvu mchitidwe zomera, oxides sesqui aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo, particles matope, koma ambiri crystalline khwatsi (SiO2) ndi amorphous silika (SiO2 • H2 O) limene kaja ichi ndi kukhala kuwala kwake imvi mtundu, chokhala mtundu wa phulusa.

Ena mwa zinthu mwasambitsidwa kaja podsolic ndi zinyalala, ndi kuliika pansipa wosanjikiza eluvial ndi kupanga kaja washout - illuvial wosanjikiza. Iwo ali kwambiri ya dongo ndi particles colloidal wa oxides chitsulo ndi zotayidwa, mankhwala phosphorous ndi ena humus. Mtundu wa kaja nthawi zambiri pabuka-bulauni.

A kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe mwasambitsidwa ku malire chapamwamba cha madzi subsoil wataika ndipo mbiri nthaka. Choncho, akamanena za ndondomeko podzolic kumaonekera chiwonongeko cha mchere pamwamba pa nthaka mchikakamizo cha anachita asidi ndi kusokonekera wotsatira zinthu za kuwonongedwa mu mbiri lonse. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ndondomeko izi zingachitike osakaniza lessivage (kuchotsedwa kwa zigawo chapamwamba nthaka particles dothi popanda kuwononga dongosolo lawo).

Podzolic mbiri nthaka ndi kapangidwe izi: 2 O + A + B + C

A O - ndi zinyalala, ndi makulidwe a 3 - 5 masentimita, chomwe zatsalira mwina linakwiriridwa ndi undecomposed Moss, ndere, masingano, zidutswa makungwa ndi zina zotero.

A 2 - ndi eluvial kapena podzolic wosanjikiza anali yochitidwa kapena oyera-imvi, kukhala ndi osalimba stratified-platy dongosolo kapena palimodzi structureless, makulidwe a palibe kuposa kotala la mita.

B - ndi illuvial red-bulauni kapena zofiirira wosanjikiza wandiweyani, kukhala prismatic kapena blocky dongosolo, ndi makulidwe a mita imodzi, zikhoza kugawidwa subhorizons - B 1, B 2, ndi zina zotero.

C - ndi kholo thanthwe ukufanizidwa makamaka carbonate-free dongo kapena loam. M'malire a zinyalala ndi podsolic kaja akhoza kuonetsetsa wosanjikiza A 0 A 1, ndi makulidwe a 2 - 3 masentimita, wopangidwa mwa bwino pansi zinyalala linakwiriridwa kapena akuda zinthu humus chapamwamba wosanjikiza mchere mbiri A 1 A 2.

nthaka Podzolic pa katundu akumane kulimapo pa izo. The humus kaja pali pafupifupi palibe anachita - mwamphamvu acidic (pH = 4.0-4.5), mayamwidwe mphamvu - kuchokera mg wa • Eq magalamu 3 15/100 nthaka, zomwe ndi yaing'ono. Komanso, podzolic pang'ono ladzala ndi zapansi - kuchokera 30 mpaka 40%.

Zakudya monga phosphorous, potaziyamu, asafe ndi ena ndi yaing'ono. Podsolic nthaka structureless, kusambira pambuyo mawonekedwe mvula keke mokwanira wandiweyani pambuyo kuyanika. Izi zonse zoyipa pa zomera.

Pakuti kulima dziko zimenezi, iwo ayenera limed, kupanga abwino feteleza onse organic ndi mchere. Kulima dothi podzolic muyenera akuya masentimita 24 ndi kuonetsetsa mankhwala motsatira malamulo.