Fotoni mphamvu

Ndi umunthu kuyesa kufotokoza malamulo monga zomwe dziko ozungulira ife. Kumayambiriro kwa chikumbumtima anaona zonse zochitika zachilengedwe anali amaganiza kuti khamu lonse la osiyana milungu, mvula, bingu, mphezi, mphepo - onse a iwo ngongole anachokera ndi Auzimu. Ndiye mystique wapereka njira sayansi. Ngakhale iye anali akadali mu Chiyambi chake, komabe wakonza kufotokoza maganizo moti zodabwitsa za chilengedwe popanda kuwaika milungu. Kuliganizira kumaoneka kuwala. Pofuna ake mwanjira kufotokoza izo Ena anena, chimene ndi otaya mosalekeza ena ting'onoting'ono ta-corpuscles. chitsanzo Izi Pamilunguyo ndi mwachangu kumbuyo Newton ake. Ndipo ngati pali tinthu, ndiyeno izo mwa njira iriyonse yodziwika.

Aliyense akudziwa kuti ngati ife mmalo dzanja pansi kuwala kwa dzuwa, anamva ofunda. Amadziwika kuti ndi zotheka chifukwa cha kutentha. Koma mmene cheza ukugwira kutentha? choyamba mozungulira njira - ndi mphamvu ya fotoni ndi anatulukira. The tinthu yokha amatchedwa "kwadzidzidzi kuwala". Fotoni mphamvu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zipangizo zamakono: mwachitsanzo, kuti akapsa basi chitseko kutsegula mu malo ogulitsira lalikulu.

Kutheka kwa zosatheka

Choncho, fotoni - ndi tinthu a kuunika, ndi kwadzidzidzi mphamvu. Komabe, kuwonjezera maphunziro anayamba kukayikira lolondola chitsanzo corpuscular. Choyamba, ena katundu zachilendo ndi Huygens, ndiyeno Jung zinakuchitikirani ndi mipata ochepa anatulukira chodabwitsa kuwasokoneza, ndipo maziko ake ... kwakukuru anatsimikizira yoweyula chikhalidwe cha kuwala. Zingaoneke - n'zotheka kuthetsa, koma onse kunapezeka kuti ovuta kwambiri. N'zovuta kukhulupirira, koma fotoni akusonyeza katundu monga tinthu ndi funde kukhala imodzi. The chifukwa cha kuyesera alionse zimadalira ziyembekezo za kafukufuku wa. Maganizo ndi cholinga mwanjira kusintha tinthu mu yoweyula yoperekedwa ndi mosemphanitsa. The fotoni mphamvu pa nthawi yomweyo amakhalabe zikutsatiridwa ndi kuchita masamu mu mawu a chiphunzitso chakale mu atomu.

Mawu akuti "mathamangidwe wa kuwala," mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi photons. Kwenikweni, 300 zikwi makilomita / s -. Ichi ndi mlingo pa zimene misa sanali yoyamikira tinthu lapansi. moyo wawo limodzi kwa gululi: ngakhale pa chiyambi chake photons kusuntha, kupanga mtanda.

fotoni mphamvu

Mphamvu, mathamangidwe ndi unyinji wa inakula wotchuka Einstein chilinganizo E = mc2. Akanatero Planck mosaleka, ife kupeza:

E = H * V,

kumene ndime - timaganiza za kuunika (fotoni zochitika); H - Planck mosaleka.

Kukonzekera kwa maikwezhoni awiri, tingathe kuwerengera misa:

mamita = (h * v) / C2

Kachiwiri, chifukwa pali kokha anapatsidwa tinthu zoyenda, phindu analandira ntchito kwa chikhalidwe choterocho.

Nzowonekeratu kuti ndi kuwonjezeka timaganiza (Kangati kuwonjezeka) n'chachikulu ndi mphamvu. Komabe, diso la munthu angathe kutchera misampha photons ndi mphamvu eni ochepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa mtengo wa Planck mosaleka, woimiridwa ndi nambala mlingo -34, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ndi mphamvu otsika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kwambiri kwambiri mtundu - wobiriwira. Koma ngakhale mphamvu zake ndi 4 x 10 mphamvu ya -19 joules.

afterword

The kusintha kwa zimango chakale kuti kwadzidzidzi lero imene pafupifupi njira zonse microcosm akhoza anafotokoza mu chimango cha zitsanzo zogwirizana, mpaka 1900s lapansi. Mmodzi wa sayansi amamatira ku chiphunzitso corpuscular kuti Einstein ndi ena - kuwala yoweyula chitsanzo bungwe Maxwell. Pomaliza, chikhulupiriro chamakono wa fotoni pambuyo kuyesera ndi kubalalika ake a ma elekitironi (monga yamasika kunja kwa maatomu, zilibe ntchito mfundo zipolopolo mphamvu chifukwa).