The ndondomeko ya dzuwa: a achidule ndi zomveka kwa ana. Photosynthesis: kuwala ndi mdima mbali

Kodi kufotokoza ndi ntchito zovuta monga dzuwa, achidule ndi zomveka? Zomera ndi zamoyo yekha yemwe angakhoze kupanga wokha chakudya. Kodi iwo amachita izo? Kukula ndi chitukuko ya zomera kulandira zinthu zonse zofunika kwa chilengedwe: mpweya woipa - kuchokera mpweya, madzi ndi zakudya - dothi. Ayeneranso mphamvu, amene analandira dzuwa. mphamvu iyi imayambitsa zina mankhwala imene mpweya woipa komanso madzi n'kukhala shuga (mphamvu) ndi mpweya. Izi ndi dzuwa. Mwachidule ndi bwino kufotokoza akamanena za ndondomeko angakhale ana a sukulu.

"Pamodzi ndi kuwala"

Mawu "timapuma" anachokera ku mawu awiri Greek - ". Pamodzi ndi kuunika" "chithunzi" ndi "kaphatikizidwe", kuphatikiza kutanthauza Mu ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, dzuwa mphamvu ndi n'kukhala mphamvu mankhwala. Mankhwala aone kuti pali dzuwa:

6CO ₂ + 12H ₂ O + kuwala = C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ + 6O ₂ + 6H ₂ O.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti mamolekyulu 6 mpweya woipa komanso madzi mamolekyulu khumi ntchito (pamodzi ndi dzuwa) kuti yopanga shuga kenako anaumba okosijeni asanu ndi asanu ndi tinthu wa madzi. Ngati tikuimira mu mawonekedwe a aone kuti pali mawu, timachotsa zotsatirazi:

mpweya woipa + madzi + dzuwa => shuga + mpweya + madzi.

Dzuwa ndi amphamvu gwero la mphamvu. Anthu nthawizonse akuyesera kuti ntchito kupangira magetsi, matenthedwe kutchinjiriza nyumba, madzi kutentha ndi zina zotero. Chipinda "inatulukiridwa", monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu dzuwa kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo, chifukwa kunali koyenera kuti apulumuke. Photosynthesis bwino mwachidule ndi angafotokozedwe motere: zomera ntchito dzuwa kuwala mphamvu ndi kusintha mu mphamvu mankhwala, zomwe zimachititsa shuga ndi (shuga), ndi muyeso umene awasungira mu mawonekedwe a wowuma masamba, mizu, umatheka ndi mbewu za mbewu. Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi kunditumiza ku nyama ndi zomera kudya zomera. Pamene mbewu akusowa zakudya kwa njira zina moyo kukula ndipo m'matangadza izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri.

Monga zomera kuyamwa mphamvu ya dzuwa?

Kuyankhula za dzuwa mwachidule ndi bwino, m'pofunika kuti akonze funso mmene zomera kusamalira kuyamwa mphamvu dzuwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa kapangidwe wapadera wa masamba kuphatikizapo maselo wobiriwira - chloroplasts kuti muli chinthu wakupambulika dzinache chlorophyll. Izi pigment Mmera wonse, umene amapereka masamba obiriwira ndi udindo mayamwidwe kuwala dzuwa mphamvu.

N'chifukwa chiyani ambiri masamba ndi lonse ndi lathyathya?

Photosynthesis amapezeka mu masamba a zomera. Mfundo n'zosadabwitsa kuti zomera ndi bwino yoti wogonjetsa dzuwa ndi mpweya mayamwidwe. Chifukwa padziko lonse udzalandidwa kuwala kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi kuti mapanelo dzuwa, amene nthawi zina anaika pa denga, komanso lonse ndi lathyathyathya nyumba. Ikuluikulu padziko, ndi bwino imatsala.

Kodi wina ndi zofunika kwa zomera?

Mofanana ndi anthu, zomera amafunika kukhala zothandiza ndi zakudya kukhala ndi thanzi, kukula ndi kuchita bwino ntchito zawo zofunika. Iwo amafika mchere kusungunuka kwa nthaka kupyolera mizu. Ngati mulibe zakudya zokwanira mchere mu nthaka, mbewu sadzakhala bwinobwino. Alimi pafupipafupi fufuzani nthaka kuonetsetsa muli zakudya zokwanira kukula mbewu. Apo ayi, amachita ntchito feteleza munali mchere wofunika kwa zakudya ndi zomera zikule.

N'chifukwa chiyani dzuwa zofunika?

Pofotokoza dzuwa mwachidule ndiponso yomveka ana, m'pofunika kunena kuti ndondomeko imeneyi ndi chimodzi mwa zochita zofunika kwambiri mankhwala dziko. ndi zifukwa ngati mawu mokweza ndi chiyani? Choyamba, kudyetsa zomera photosynthesis, amene nawonso, kudyetsedwa ndi zolengedwa zina zonse zamoyo padziko lapansili, kuphatikizapo nyama ndi anthu. Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha dzuwa linatuluka mu mlengalenga kwa kupuma mpweya. zamoyo zonse Mpweya mpweya ndi wotuluka tikamapuma mpweya. Mwamwayi, zomera kuchita zosiyana, kotero kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ndi nyama, monga iwo awapatse mpata wopuma.

ndondomeko chodabwitsa

Zomera, komweko akhoza kupuma, koma mosiyana kwa anthu ndi nyama, iwo kuyamwa mpweya woipa, osati oxygen. Zomera kwambiri kumwa. Ndicho chifukwa muyenera kuthirira iwo, kapena adzafa. Kudzera mwa mizu madzi ndi zakudya ndi kuwapititsa ku ziwalo zonse za thupi zomera, ndi mwa timabowo ting'onoting'ono leves kumachitika mpweya woipa mayamwidwe. A choyambitsa kuti kuyambira mankhwala anachita ndi dzuwa. Zonsezi kagayidwe kachakudya anachokera zomera ntchito chakudya, mpweya adzamasulidwa m'mlengalenga. Umo ndi momwe mukhoza kufotokoza mwachidule ndi bwino momwe ndondomeko ya photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis: kuwala ndi mdima gawo la dzuwa

The ndondomeko mu funso idzafotokoza ziwiri zazikulu. Pali magawo awiri a dzuwa (kulongosola ndi tebulo - hereinafter). The woyamba amatchedwa gawo kuwala. Kumachitika kokha pamaso kuwala mu nembanemba thylakoid yokhudza wotchedwa chlorophyll-mapuloteni elekitironi onyamula ndi puloteni ATP synthase. Kodi wina amabisa dzuwa? Kuwala ndi gawo mdima wa dzuwa kutsatira mnzake isanayambike usana ndi usiku (Calvin mkombero). Pa gawo mdima, ulimi wa shuga kwambiri, chakudya cha zomera. Zimenezi umatchedwanso zochita kuwala palokha.

Pomaliza

Kuchokera pamwamba tingapeze mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Photosynthesis - ndondomeko kuti amalola kupeza mphamvu ya dzuwa.
• The mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa n'kukhala mphamvu mankhwala ndi chlorophyll.
• Wotchedwa chlorophyll amapereka zomera wobiriwira.
• Photosynthesis chikuchitika mu mbewu chloroplasts maselo tsamba.
• Mpweya woipa komanso madzi ndi zofunika dzuwa.
• Mpweya woipa akulowa zomera kudzera maenje kakang'ono, stomata, kudzera iwo oxygen.
• Madzi odzipereka mu chomera kupyolera mizu yake.
• Popanda photosynthesis, sipakanakhala chakudya mu dziko.