Non-wapakamwa kulankhulana - mitundu ndi zitsanzo

Zimene timakonda anatanthauza ndi mawu akuti "kulankhulana"? Lumikizanani nafe ndi anthu okoma, nzeru zambiri, mogwirizana. Pa nthawi imene aliyense Tichite kupindula ndi phindu, ambiri akulankhula za chakuti kuyankhulana ayenera kukhala "zipatso." Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense kuchita kulankhulana uli ndi cholinga ndiponso moganizira kupatsidwa osati kukwaniritsa izo pokonzekera kucheza zofunika zimene udzanena, komanso zikuluzikulu si mawu, ndiko kuti, thupi lanu, kaimidwe, zovala ndi malo ndi kulemekeza interlocutor lapansi. Pansipa tiona chimene chimapanga kulankhulana popanda mawu n'komwe ndi kumene izo wapangidwa ndi machitidwe chizindikiro.

kulankhulana popanda mawu n'komwe - ndi popanda mawu n'komwe khalidwe kulumikizana, amene amagwiritsa manja ndi zizindikiro zina. Ndi njira "kuti palibe mawu," ndi zina m'thupi mwathu "amalankhula" kwa ife, kuti ife sangazindikire kuchuluka. kulankhulana izi zikuchitika, ngakhale pamene palibe kuwombola mawu. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zimene m'gulu mitundu kulankhulana si mawu. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi zotsatirazi machitidwe chizindikiro:

1. kuwala-kayendedwe dongosolo. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawu a nkhope ndi thupi chinenero chathu. N'zoonekeratu motility chonse mbali payekha thupi (manja, nkhope) transmits interlocutor maganizo ndi zimene kawirikawiri likugwirizana ndi kukonzanso chifukwa kukhudzana ake mawu zambiri. Ataliatali anafotokoza kusamvana akuwuka chitanthauzidwa lolakwika la manja, mwachitsanzo, zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Zimafalikira kupita ndi kunena chimene manja Tingathe kuona kuti kwenikweni mu malingaliro anu "mnzake" pankhaniyo ndiponso mabuku ambiri. Ngakhale mphuno sangakhoze zochepa chabe kuchokera wabodza, ndi ziwengo, chidwi chipani sitingakhoze kutenga mwayi umenewu chigawo chidwi. Kulakwitsa chachikulu ndi anthu ambiri amene ayamba basi kumvetsa sayansi ya "werengani" manja - kuchitira aliyense wa iwo anatenga payokha. Monga machitidwe ena chizindikiro amapanga kulankhulana si mawu, dongosolo la zizindikiro ndi manja angathe ndi M'malo mwake, kufooketsa mawu kanthu.

2. paralinguistic, extralinguistic dongosolo. Iwo amathandizana izo pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga kamvekedwe ka mawu, phula, mlingo wa kulankhula, kuseka, ndi mokambirana ndi. Mauthenga olembedwa Mwachitsanzo, pa Internet, kumene kutolera ndalama awa okha, ntchito otchedwa emoticons. mayunitsi kulankhula iwo sali, koma kumveketsa tanthauzo la uthenga umene imafalikira; n'kofunika kuti iwo ali padziko lonse.

3. zikhalidwe za ndondomeko kulankhula, onse malo ndi nthawi. Iyi ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu za vuto kulankhulana. njira imene mbali imakonzedwa wachibale wina ndi mzake, kusonyeza kumukhulupirira ndi kumvetetsana wina ndi mzake, ndi chiyambi cha kukambirana akhoza anatsegulira kukambirana lonse. Choncho, ngati zofunika ndi kumene mutu wa gome, ndi kumene m'bungwe malo alendo; bwanji kukhala, ophunzira mu zokambirana za. kulankhulana Non-wapakamwa ndi Uwerenge zinthu monga kutsatira analandira mu makamaka chikhalidwe, malamulo mtunda pakati interlocutors lapansi. M'mayiko ambiri mabwenzi apamtima kwambiri, mtunda ayenera kuchepetsedwa kwa masentimita 40 kapena m'malo kukhulupirira interlocutor kumva kudana yekha. Ndipo anatsindika nthambi wapadera wa chidziwitso nkhani zokhudza gulu la kanthawi ndi okhudza malo kulankhulana - ndi proxemics. Zimalimbikitsa, makamaka mosabisa spatio-zosatha makhalidwe a zinthu zenizeni (chronotopes - akuti AA Uhtomoskogo). Mwachitsanzo, ndi odziwika bwino zotsatira za "bwenzi anagubuduza" pamene anthu sankadziwa makamaka mosapitirira ndi mzake.

4. diso kukhudzana. Monga mmene bwinobwino akufotokozera kulankhulana si mawu, Pamlingo waukulu zimadalira kangati ndi motalika bwanji mbali akuona maso a wina ndi mzake. Kuti diso kukhudzana (kapena kupanda) limatithandiza kumvetsa ngati bwenzi ali ndi chidwi ndi kukambirana, monga lotseguka kwa kukambirana.

Tikhoza kunena kuti kulankhulana si mawu, okhala machitidwe anafotokoza chizindikiro, amatha kwambiri tanthauzo lenileni la uthenga mawu. Komabe, pali chikhalidwe zofunika: ophunzira onse a kuyankhulana ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito wamba "chinenero" za ndondomekozi. Koma kusankha chikhalidwe, katundu, monga mawu kulankhula, ndi yovuta. Iye anayesetsa maulendo kuthetsa Mwachitsanzo, K. Bordvistl kapena P. Ekman. Komabe, kulankhulana popanda mawu n'komwe ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi mawu, womuyenerera ndipo ngakhale m'malo, ndi wa chizindikiritso cha zigawo zake kumathandiza molondola kumanga momwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ntchito.