Kodi chalakwika khalidwe nyama? Mbali yaikulu ya zamoyo

Ambiri mwa zamoyo multicellular moyo okhala padziko mwina zomera kapena zinyama. Zikuoneka kuti kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi zoonekeratu kuti akhoza musazengereze tanthauzo pakuwonana koyamba.

zomera amasiyana ndi nyama

Aliyense chamoyo moyo limabweretsa aliyense maganizo, mtundu, mabanja, madongosolo, ndi zina zotero. Lotsogoleredwa ndi kaphatikizidwe siyana ndi zomera ufumu ndi nyama. Zomera amatha kupanga ku zipangizo zochita kupanga organic mu ndondomeko ya dzuwa ndi sayenda, nyama kudya zomera ndi mzake ndi mwachangu kusuntha kukafunafuna chakudya.

Karl Linney, woyambitsa wa gulu la nyama ndi zomera dziko, kupeza zomera monga zamoyo kukula ndi moyo, ndi nyama - kukula, moyo ndi kumva. udani umenewu si kukumana zofuna amakono a sayansi.

Makhalidwe chibadidwe zamoyo zonse

Kuunikila dziko chikhalidwe cha zamoyo, m'pofunika kudziwa mbali sizachilendo kwa zamoyo zonse. Choyamba, ndi onse a makhalidwe awa:

1. Zamoyo angathe kagayidwe ndi mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya linanena bungwe ndi njira imodzi kapena kupeza nkhani zofunika kupitiriza moyo.

2. Iwo akhoza kusuntha kapena kusintha malo a ziwalo m'malere.

3. ana awo akusonyeza zizindikiro za tizilombo makolo.

4. Anthu wina mitundu zosiyana kwa wina ndi kusiyana mwina yozungulira ndi ufulu wodzilamulira cha chibadwa.

5. Zamoyo kusankha anatani zimene zikuchitika.

6. ambiri a zolengedwa zamoyo amatha kukula, kukula.

7. Pa moyo wa zamoyo zimasintha sizingasinthe.

8. Iwo akhoza kubereka okha monga zamoyo.

ndi makhalidwe a ubiquitous moyo Kodi

Yambiri ya zinthu zamoyo, ngati iwo anatengedwa padera, kungakhale chibadidwe mu dziko la chikhalidwe zopanda moyo. Mwachitsanzo, angathe kukula timibulu, miyala pang'onopang'ono, koma kuphwanyaphwanya, mwina patapita kusuntha kwa malo ake apachiyambi. Air, madzi, mayiko ndipo ngakhale nyenyezi ikuyenda. Komano, mbewu mbewu kwa nthawi yaitali kusonyeza khalidwe lawo ndi sasiya mchenga.

Mgwirizano zofunika pakati pa dziko la amoyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo, ndi mavairasi kuti sangathe kagayidwe, angathe kukonzekera mu mawonekedwe a mibulu, kusungunuka ndipo recrystallized, ndipo Musataye zitatha izi katundu onse chibadidwe kwachilengedwenso. Zizindikiro za zamoyo - ndi wamkulu komanso woyamba ndi zovuta mankhwala zikuchokera ndi kukhalapo kwa tinthu tina tomwe kwachilengedwenso mu dongosolo lawo. Specific zamoyo mamolekyulu ndi mapuloteni ndi zidulo mkati.

Zomera osocheretsa

Mu chikhalidwe pali zomera zachilendo kwambiri ndi zinthu atypical, zomwe zimachititsa kofunika kudziwa chalakwika khalidwe la nyama, ndi omwe - mbewu. Pali zomera kuti ndi osiyana ndi miyala. Iwo amafanana ndi laimu, lubwe ndi woyera khwatsi. zomera zimenezi zimatchedwa Lithops. Monga okhala m'zipululu, iwo zambiri n'zosatheka kuti apange madzi alipo chinyezi chopezeka kwa chifunga.

Amadziwika kuti zomera amatha kuyankha kuyabwa ndi secrete mankhwala amene amapereka maganizo awo kuti zomera kubala mbewu mahomoni.

Pali zomera zambiri zimene sitingathe kuchita bwinobwino dzuwa ndi kulandira zakudya, osakhulupirika ndipo chosinkhasinkha tizirombo yaing'ono. Pakati pawo - ndi sundew, Venus flytrap, amene anali masamba ndi zimayambira, ankaikira zomera, koma ndi zina.

Palinso zomera zimadya duwali Arnoldi, amene maluwa anali kokha pabuka-bulauni mtundu. Chomera wosachita kunja dzuwa, izo ziribe mbali zenizeni kwa mbewu okha Kapangidwe ka maselo kuloledwa kunyamula ku malo a zinthu zamoyo, ndi nyama zakutchire.

Kodi kusiyanitsa zomera ndi nyama

Pofuna kudziwa chizindikiro cha zamoyo zina kwa gulu linalake la zamoyo, sayansi ayenera yankho mosapita m'mbali kuti "kodi zizindikiro ndi khalidwe nyama, chimene chimasiyanitsa iwo kwa zomera." Komabe, kupereka yankho momveka bwino kusiyana pakati pa nthumwi za Ufumu wa nyama ndi zomera ndi maonekedwe awo ali m'malo ovuta.

Modern taxonomy amakakamizidwa kuchita maphunziro zovuta zokhudza mwayi zokhudza sayansi. Chifukwa chaichi, njira kupenda majini ndi maselo makhalidwe a mitundu, komanso deta chitukuko embryonic.

Nyama sindimakonda nyama

Kudziwa adzadziwire ena a zolengedwa nyanja nyama, chikufunika kuti musankhe chomwe chalakwika khalidwe la chamoyo moyo wa nyama. Iwo anatenga asayansi kuposa chaka, zamoyo imene kunalibe dongosolo m'mimba, amene anakhalapo Ufumuyo gawo lapansi, ndipo anali ofanana ndi maluwa zachilendo, ananenedwa nyama. Choncho, molondola kudziwa zimene mitundu ya zamoyo likukhudza osadziwika chamoyo, m'pofunika kudziwa chalakwika khalidwe la nyama.

Kudziwa gulu la invertebrates m'madzi ndiwe wa mtundu winawake wa chamoyo kudziwika kunatero zovuta, poyamba anaganiza kuziika mu malo a Pogonophora. Tizilombo timeneti mu akula mosatsata dongosolo m'mimba, ndipo zikuoneka kuti ali kanthu ngati zinyama. Only kuphunzira makhalidwe a chitukuko embryonic akhoza perekani iwo annelids.

Zizindikiro, khalidwe okha nyama

Mu ufumu nyama zamoyo zambiri kuti ndinazolowera osiyanasiyana zinthu zachilengedwe. Iwo anasintha dongosolo lawo ndi maonekedwe. Pofuna kumvetsa mavuto amene akukumana maphunziro polimbana ndi systematics yamakono ya zamoyo, lembani makhalidwe a nyama. Choncho, ambiri a nyama:

1. Palibe photosynthesis, zamoyo izi ndi heterotrophic.

2. chakudya akubwera kudzera mu M'mimbamo m'mimba ndi m'mimba mwa mabungwe apadera. Mphamvu yogwira.

3. Nyama zamoyo amatha kusuntha. Pamene iwo akukhala pa ena gawo lapansi motere la umunthu ndi chodabwitsa sekondale.

4. Poyankha kukondoweza kunja ndi mu mawonekedwe a matakisi, pakalibe ya ubongo, kapena reflex, ngati aliyense.

Kuti tiyankhe zimaona bwanji zizindikiro ndi khalidwe la nyama, muyenera kusankha zotani zamoyo mu funso: zokhala ndi selo imodzi kapena multicellular, chordates kapena inakhala. Only nyama apamwamba angathe kukambirana za ziwalo chosiyana monga:

1. Kupezeka kwa magulu angapo a nsalu: integumentary, akulu, mantha minofu ndi chilengedwe mkati.

2. Kukhalapo zotsatirazi machitidwe limba: minofu ndi mafupa, m'mimba, kupuma, excretory, ubereki, magazi ndi mantha.

Kodi zomera, mosiyana ndi nyama pa mlingo tosaoneka

Kupereka yankho okhazikika ku funso lomwe kusiyana pakati pa akuluakulu a ziwiri maufumu waukulu m'pofunika kudziwa chalakwika khalidwe la nyama, zomwe chimasiyanitsa iwo zomera pa mlingo ma.

zinthu zazikulu zimene kusiyanitsa selo mbewu:

1. Chomera maselo, kupatula Kakhungu ali ndi zolimba kwambiri khoma selo ongokhala CHIKWANGWANI.

2. yopuma chakudya mu zimagwidwa waikamo mu mawonekedwe a wowuma polysaccharide.

3. maselo The ndi vacuoles lalikulu munali selo kuyamwa.

4. cytoplasm ali inclusions mu mawonekedwe a mibulu mchere mchere.

5. Green chomera maselo muli plastids - chloroplasts, pamene dzuwa chikuchitika.

6. m'mimba kwina ndi chakudya akulowa zomera ndi osmotic.

7. poyankha kukondoweza kunja mu mawonekedwe a tropism.

8. Palibe mphamvu ndi kayendedwe yogwira.

9. kugawa maselo aumbike mwa pakati pa constriction pakati pawo ndipo anawagawira periphery lapansi.

M'pofunikanso kudziwa chalakwika khalidwe la nyama pa mlingo ma.

1. Selo casing palibe, ndi Kakhungu ma komwe kuli maselo mbewu.

2. Reserve polysaccharide ndi glycogen.

3. maselo nyama palibe vacuoles lalikulu. Mu zosavuta zikakhala ndi vacuoles laling'ono, limene kuchita ntchito ya chimbudzi kapena kudzipatula.

4. Mankwala salt maselo nyama, amangoona kusungunuka.

5. maselo nyama mulibe chloroplasts ndipo palibe photosynthesis.

6. Padding pa magawano selo ndi aumbike m'mbali mpaka kumtsinje wa pakati selo.