Clostridium akupanga. botulinus

Mu dziko muli matenda osiyanasiyana bakiteriya. Amasiyana mzake njira matenda a matenda ndi zina zabwino zina. M'nkhaniyi ine ndikufuna kuti ndiyankhule mwatsatanetsatane za clostridium akupanga - nthumwi causative cha matenda monga botulism.

About matenda

Pachiyambi, muyenera kunena mawu ochepa za matenda omwe amachititsa bakiteriya. Choncho, botulism - chaukali poyizoni chakudya. Ndi pachimake pa nthawi nthawi yomweyo amakhudza chapakati mantha dongosolo, zikhoza ziwalo. Iwo ali fecal-m'kamwa njira za kufala.

Chidwi adzakhala chiyambi cha dzinalo. Ku Latin anamasuliridwa ngati botulism soseji (botulus). Ndipo onse chifukwa deta woyamba tizilombo toyambitsa matenda apezeka mankhwala chakudya (komanso mu matupi a anthu akufa amene kale anadya zakhudzana soseji). Nthawi zambiri matenda amati ndi kumwa nsomba mchere ndi kusuta ndi nyama.

A mbiri pang'ono

Koyamba clostridium akupanga - nthumwi causative wa botulism - amanenedwa kumbuyo mu 1896 wasayansi E. galimoto Ermengemom. Izo zinachitika pa nthawi zamphamvu mliri wa. Monga tanenera kale, tizilomboto wakhala olekanitsidwa chifukwa cha nyama, komanso ku matupi a anthu amene amadya izo kale. Patapita kanthawi, chinapezeka kuti bakiteriya limapangidwa serovars eyiti amene amasiyana antigenic poizoni kapangidwe (ndipo ndi wawo). Zolemba malire ofunika poizoni, amatchedwa A, B ndi E. Komabe, kuyenera kuti poizoni onse akhoza zopanda okha seramu magazi.

maonekedwe

Izo zikuwoneka ngati clostridium akupanga? Choncho bakiteriya ndi mwachilungamo lalikulu ndodo mapeto ndi pang'ono anamaliza. Kuyandikira kukula kwake - 4-9x0.6-1.0 microns. Thupi lonse lili pafupi 35 michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana peritrichous ili. Kodi kupanga spores. Ndodo vuto ndi pang'ono ngati chomenyera tenisi.

makhalidwe abwino

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti abwino clostridium akupanga? Choncho, kutentha akadakwanitsira kukula kwawo - 35 ° C. Komabe, mabakiteriya akhoza kuchulukitsa mu kutentha osiyanasiyana 10 55 ° C. Ndi bwino nakulitsa bakiteriya:

1. Pakati Kitty Tarotstsi. Izi makamaka nyama peptone msuzi wodzilemekeza ndi chiwindi soseji nyama ndi shuga.
2. Mu nyama ndi nsomba akupanga.
3. Kodi pali mkulu wa ndende nyama mapuloteni.

Bakiteriya akhoza kuchulukitsa komanso mapangidwe zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, ambiri yabwino - shuga ndi magazi Hagara (mu nkhani iyi, mabakiteriya amafanana zidutswa za khobwe kapena ubweya). Komabe, iwo akhoza zikupitiriza mu sing'anga madzi. Zikatero, ndi sludge homogeneous aumbike, ndipo patapita nthawi yeniyeni madontho precipitate pansi pa chubu.

inafikira

Ali wamba bakiteriya clostridium akupanga? Choncho, "kukhumudwa" pa iwo akhoza kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse. Nthawi zambiri, malo awa amasankhidwa chifukwa malo clostridia:

1. Matumbo a nsomba, nyama ndiponso nkhono.
2. Nthaka (tizilombo kuti pamodzi ndi ndowe za).
3. Chakudya. Makamaka oopsa mu nkhani iyi kwa munthu ali masamba, bowa, nyama ndi mbale nsomba.

M'nthaka kupulumuka mfundo kuposa mitundu vegetative mabakiteriya. The spores kupulumuka desiccation yaitali, kuzizira -250 ° C, otentha kwa ola limodzi kapena asanu. Ndipo ngakhale mu njira phenol (5%) mabakiteriya spores akhoza kukhala yotheka kwa tsiku 1. Pamene otentha anawononga poizoni kwa pafupifupi mphindi 10.

kukhazikika

Monga mmene cholimba ndi botulism? Microbiology zikusonyeza kuti bakiteriya yokha khalidwe mosiyana ndi mu maiko osiyanasiyana.

1. N'ngopatsirana mawonekedwe. Pankhaniyi, clostridia ndi kugonjetsedwa kwambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusintha kunja. Pa kutentha 6 ° C akhoza moyo mwezi, pa Reflux 100 ° C anapha okha ola limodzi pa kutentha 120 ° C - wina theka la ora. The spores ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi yozizira koopsa, poyera matabwa, kuyanika. Koma disinfectants, ndiye formalin (20%) yankho amapha mabakiteriya chifukwa masiku awiri, mowa ethyl - miyezi iwiri, ndi acid amathiridwa njira (10%) - ola limodzi.
2. The vegetative mawonekedwe. Mmenemonso, Clostridia amakhala pachiopsezo kwambiri. Pa kutentha 80 ° C akhoza kuphedwa mu ola limodzi.
3. Koma poizoni, ndi khalidwe mofanana mawonekedwe vegetative. Pa 100 ° C kwa mphindi 10, poizoni akhoza zopanda. Khola mu malo acidic, koma zikhoza zopanda mu zamchere. Mu kapepala m'mimba wa poizoni za kwambiri kumachepetsa ntchito zake. Komabe, kupatulapo mtundu E botulism, amene M'malo mwake, iwo ali mu kapepala anthu m'mimba mwa 10 000 nthawi yogwira.

N'kotheka botulism kufala? Microbiology, mankhwala kuti odwala ambiri ndi akupezeka m'mayiko amene anthu ntchito kudya nyama kapena nsomba zamzitini. Seasonality Pankhaniyi ogwirizana. Komanso moperewera zaka, jenda, mtundu wa khungu anthu. Aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo.

pathogenesis

Botulism - chaukali chakudya poizoni, amene angayambe pambuyo kumwa zakhudzana clostridia kapena poizoni awo chakudya (poizoni wa adzamasulidwa ku choncho kumene bakiteriya akulowa malo anaerobic ndi kuyamba kubereka ake yogwira). Pongoganizira mu nkhani ya matenda monga botulism, ndi neurotoxin. Nkofunika kuti iye ndi wamphamvu kwambiri ziphe onse alipo kwachilengedwenso. Malinga ndi asayansi, ndi zina 375 kwambiri poizoni ndi zambiri njoka ya njoka yambobo a. Ngati inu mufika poizoni mu maonekedwe ake angwiro yekha mu 1 mg adzakhala ali ku 100 miliyoni woopsa Mlingo wa mbewa woyera zasayansi. Monga munthu, ndiye imfa angagwe pambuyo ingestion 0,001 okha mg wa neurotoxin.

About neurotoxin

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, bakiteriya clostridium akupanga secrete wamphamvu komanso woopsa neurotoxin lomwe n'loopsa osati thanzi koma moyo. Tiyeneranso kuti poizoni izi thermostable. intestine ndi flagged monga prototoksina mu bakiteriya oopsa kusandulika pambuyo processing yaing'ono intestine michere. Zotsatira chomwecho m'mimba michere khola. Chosiyana Mbali: mofulumira odzipereka mu magazi, kukhala kale mu magawo a ulemu pa mundawo m'mimba. Ndi magazi kufalikira thupi lonse, pakulowa mu synapses neuromuscular.

siteji poizoni kanthu

Muyeneranso kukuuzani kuti poizoni ali magawo atatu a kanthu:

1. Kusintha sitepe (mu nkhani ya seramu antitoxic). Neurotoxin chimango ndi lilime yeniyeni.
2. Anasamutsa poizoni mu gawo amadzimadzi selo neuromuscular zolumikizanazo. Pakuti stepi ino, kutentha n'kofunika. Mbali chomwecho ndi trudnoobratimoy.
3. Lytic gawo. Pankhaniyi, atagwira midadada poizoni mu minofu mitsempha poizoni. Apa ndipo pali zizindikiro zazikulu za botulism.

mitundu ya botulism

Mu zochiritsira chimasiyanitsa mitundu zinayi zofunika botulism:

1. Chakudya, kapena tingachipeze powerenga. Infection limapezeka mwa kutentha chakudya imene ili ndi poizoni.
2. Bala. Mtundu wa matenda amagwirizana ndi kulamulira anthu a padziko bala.
3. Newborn botulism. Izi pathological mabakiteriya matenda a m'matumbo mwana mwana.
4. Wa gulu chosadziwika. Pankhaniyi, madokotala sangakhoze kunena motsimikiza kuti n'chifukwa matenda ndi botulism anthu.

za matendawa

Komanso pali matenda anthu botulism? Kodi matenda? Choyamba tisaiwale kuti n'zosatheka kukhala ndi kachilombo clostridia kwa munthu. Komabe, bakiteriya alowa m'thupi la munthu kudzera mu chakudya chimene zakhudzana ndi nthaka kachilombo kapena ndowe. Komanso, chifukwa zikamera wa matenda, mabakiteriya komanso zochitika zapadera zofunika. Choncho, ngati kusonkhanitsidwa isanayambike kutenga processing chakudya, bakiteriya spore yomweyo kwasanduka mawonekedwe amene akulimbana kwambiri kwa kutentha kwambiri. Pambuyo kuphika spores kuyamba kusamukira ku boma vegetative, ndipo pamene pali Kugawilidwa kwanthaka clostridia woopsa poizoni. Dziwani kuti bakiteriya ndi mantha ndi mpweya lotseguka. Mobwerezabwereza Kutentha chakudya komanso sangathe kupha bakiteriya tizilombo (zofunika kwe kutentha pafupifupi 750 ° C). Kenako zakhudzana chakudya akulowa thupi la munthu, matenda kumaonekera mofulumira ndithu.

nthawi makulitsidwe

Poizoni atachita thupi wayamba ntchito yomweyo. Izi zimachitika choyamba maola 8-22 pambuyo kumwa chakudya zakhudzana. Komabe, nthawi maola pafupifupi -10-12.

The matenda chithunzi cha matenda

Kodi chimachitika m'thupi la munthu pambuyo matenda bakiteriya izi? Kotero, pachiyambi zizindikiro ndi ofanana ndi gastroenteritis (kutupa kwa nembanemba mucous za m'mimba ang'ono ndi m'mimba). Zizindikiro zazikulu zimene zimachititsa botulism bakiteriya:

1. ululu m'mimba, makamaka m'michombo lapansi. ululu zingawonjezere, kufalikira.
2. Kutentha zambiri sasefukira.
3. mpando ndi maulendo 20 pa tsiku. Kungakhale madzi, mvula, mu mawonekedwe a msuzi mpunga.
4. Kufooka ambiri a thupi.
5. Kusanza.

Kusanza, kawirikawiri chimbudzi kungachititse kuti okwana madzi m'thupi. Zikatero zimakhala zopweteka, pali zotsatira za makwinya pa nkhope ndi khungu ena. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zikawoneka patapita masiku angapo. Munthu amaganiza kuti timakalandira yachibadwa chimfine matumbo. Koma chigweranso kuti si onse akumaliza zabwino ndi kusala. Nthawi zina wodwala akhoza kukhala ndi mpando ndi kusanza ndi magazi, nthawi yomweyo kungakhale ululu kwambiri. Onse akhoza kutha ngakhale imfa chifukwa zosayembekezereka wa necrosis matumbo.

kubuka

Mungapezeko zambiri kukakwera matenda, monga botulism? Photo foci ndi multiplicity matenda, koma nthawi zambiri ndi Catering establishments, makamaka ngati munthu amadya mapuloteni nyama.

kupewa

Kodi kusamalitsa angateteze anthu ku matenda ndi bakiteriya izi?

1. Akhoza kupha botulism kuwira. Choncho, asanadye chakudya zamzitini, ndi bwino wiritsani kwa mphindi 15. Izi zidzathandiza ndi poizoni kuti ligwe. Inu simungakhoze chakudya zam'chitini, ndi chivindikiro amene anali kutupa.
2. Bakiteriya kuchititsa botulism, afa pa otsika kutentha. Ngati zilipo, nyama ndi nsomba zakudya pamaso kuphika bwino amaundana. Kuzisunga kwambiri pa kutentha m'munsimu + 10 ° C.
3. Makamaka ayenera kulandira chithandizo mosamala bowa. Choncho bwinobwino mmene iwo akhoza kukhala particles wa clostridia zakhudzana nthaka.
4. Anthu amene anadya chakudya chimodzimodzi monga kudwala botulism, ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala. Komanso, iwo ayenera ngati muyeso njira kulowa amniotic protivobotulinicheskuyu seramu ndi chelators.

kaonedwe

N'chimodzimodzinso kuthetsa matenda, monga botulism? Photos odwala aja osiyana. Umu ndi mmene kuchotsa matenda anthu ndi matupi akufa. Nkhani yomaliza zimatheka ngati wodwalayo sasamalira chisamaliro yake yoyenera. Popanda mankhwala, botulism angatenge moyo wa munthu mu 30-60% ya milandu.