Akale Kodi chilengedwe ndi momwe kuwerengetsa zaka zake?

Pali mphekesera zosiyanasiyana zokhuza mmene akale chilengedwe chonse pa nthawiyo. Motsimikizira kotheratu kwa funso la msinkhu wake ndi tsopano n'kosatheka kuwayankha. Ndipo n'zokayikitsa konse kupeza yankho lenileni. Koma asayansi maphunziro ambiri ndipo anapezazo, kuti tsopano mutu ndi zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino ndondomeko.

tanthauzo

Musanayambe nkhani zaka zingati chilengedwe chonse, ndi ofunika ndemanga: zaka zake adawerengedwa kuyambira pamene anayamba kukula.

ΛCDM-chitsanzo analengedwa kudziwa deta. Asayansi amanena kuti akhoza kuneneratu munthawi ya chiyambi cha Nthawi osiyana. Komabe, zaka zingati chilengedwe chonse, mukhoza kupeza ndi kupeza zinthu zakale ndi kompyuta zaka.

Komanso chofunika kwambiri ndi ankaimba periodization. Masiku ano, pali katatu, amene amadziwika kuti mudziwe zina. The choyamba - oyambirira. Njirayi imatchedwa Planck nthawi (10 ^-43 masekondi pambuyo chiyambi Big Bang). Ngati inu mukukhulupirira asayansi, nthawi imeneyi inatenga 10 ^-11 m. The lothandiza lotsatira anapitiriza 10 ^-2 m. Iwo amakhala ndi maonekedwe a particles quark - ndi gawo la hadrons, ndiko kuti, particles pulayimale nawo ankachita nyukiliya.

Otsiriza nyengo - makono. Iye anayamba ndi masekondi 0.01 pambuyo Big Bang. Ndipo mosamalitsa kulankhula, Masiku ano kumatenga lero.

Ambiri, malinga ndi kafukufuku, thambo tsopano zaka biliyoni 13,75. Anandilola kukonzedwa (± 0,11 biliyoni).

Njira kuwerengetsa zochokera nyenyezi ozizira

Pali njira ina kupeza zaka zingati chilengedwe. Ndipo iye kuyan'anila umuna otchedwa atumiki woyera. Iwo zakuthambo kutentha kwambiri ndi yaing'ono kukula. Za kukula kwa Dziko Lapansi. Iwo akuyimira gawo lotsiriza kuli nyenyezi iliyonse. Kupatula amene amasiyana kukula kwake yaikulu. The woyera nyenyezi yaing'ono nyenyezi amakhala pambuyo pa zonse mafuta ake nyukiliya Watenthedwa. Lisanaperekedwe, iye anali likufa ena kusokonekera. Mwachitsanzo, kwa nthawi yaitali, kumakhaladi chimphona wofiira.

Ndipo momwe mungapezere momwe akale chilengedwe, mothandizidwa ndi atumiki woyera? Sizikutanthauza kuti ophweka, koma asayansi bwino. Atumiki kuwotcha wa hydrogen awo pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti moyo wawo chikhato angafikire mamiliyoni mazanamazana zaka. Ndipo nthawi yonseyi iwo ali obadwa chifukwa cha mphamvu anasonkhanitsa. kufanana A kuti ukhale pansi. Ndipo asayansi, kuwerengetsa mlingo wa kuzirala, kudziwa nthawi imene m'pofunika kuchepetsa kutentha nyenyezi zimene zinali zoyambirira (amangoona, ndi 150 000 K). Kuwerengetsa zaka zingati dziko likhalepo, muyenera kupeza lozizira atumiki woyera. Pakali pano, anatha kupeza nyenyezi ndi kutentha pafupifupi 4000 K. Asayansi kufufuza mosamala zonse deta zochokera zimenezi, anthu amanena kuti chilengedwe sangakhale zaka zoposa 15 biliyoni.

Kuphunzira masango ozungulira a nyenyezi

Ayenera kutsatira komanso njira imeneyi, kuwauza zaka zingati chilengedwe, malinga ndi asayansi. masango izi zili mu zone zotumphukira wa Milky Way. Ndipo iwo kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira padziko phata ake. mtima wa tsiku ndi mapangidwe a awo amathandiza kupeza malirewo m'munsi a m'badwo wa chilengedwe chonse.

ndondomeko ndi mwaukadaulo zovuta. Komabe, umunthu umenewu chagona chabe lingaliro. Pambuyo masango onse kutuluka mumtambo wina. Choncho uka, tikhoza kunena nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo haidrojeni Watenthedwa ndalama zina mwa nthawi mwasankha. Kodi izo zikutsiriza? Kuoneka woyera nyenyezi yaing'ono kapena nyutironi nyenyezi mapangidwe.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, maphunziro a mtundu umenewu ikuchitika chombo amene ntchito ACS kamera Space Telescope linkadziwika kuti "Hubble". Choncho, malinga ndi asayansi zaka zingati chilengedwe? Chombo apeza yankho, ndipo limafanana ndi deta ndi boma. masango Age kuti iwo ankafufuza, anakwana avareji zaka biliyoni 12,8. Kwambiri "mkulu" anali biliyoni 13.4.

Pa kaimbidwe ya dziko

Apa, ambiri, ife tinapeza kuti malinga kuwerengetsera asayansi. Ali ndi zaka zingati chilengedwe - n'zosatheka kudziwa kwenikweni, koma zambiri kungakhale pafupifupi chithunzi Atchule kaimbidwe pa dziko. Kuphunzira imachitika kafukufuku Explorer 80 zaka 15 zapitazo. Anatitenga mu kusinthasintha kutentha nkhani ndi ya CMB. Ngati mulibe kupita mwatsatanetsatane, ndiye ife tinapeza kuti chilengedwe chathu, nthawi zambiri, zaka biliyoni 13.5-14.

Ndipo ambiri, zonse sangakhale momwe timaganizira. Ndipotu, danga - n'zosadabwitsa yaikulu ndi pafupifupi osadziwika danga. Koma namkondweretsa kuti kafukufuku amagwira mosalekeza.