Ndi dziko mayikirowevu maziko cheza Kodi

Ngakhale ntchito zida zamakono ndiponso njira zatsopano kuphunzira chilengedwe, funso pakuwonekera kwake udakalipo. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, kuganizira msinkhu wake: molingana ndi kafukufuku, izo ranges kuchokera zaka 14 biliyoni 15 .. N'zoonekeratu kuti popeza panali umboni kwenikweni zikuchitika kamodzi odzitukumula ndondomeko lonse konsekonse. Choncho kunena chilichonse palibe wina anathana, zochepa malingaliro. Komabe, mmodzi wa iwo inalandira mfundo yamphamvu kwambiri - CMB.

Mu 1964, anthu awiri a zasayansi odziwika bwino, amachita wailesi wotchi Kanema "Echo", ankatha kuonana ndi lolingana zida kopitilira muyeso-tcheru, anaganiza onani ena mfundo zawo za wailesi umuna zinthu zina danga.

Pofuna kulimira zotheka kusokonezedwa ndi magwero lapadziko, anaganiza ntchito timaganiza mu masentimita 7,35 Komabe, chinthu chachilendo anawalemba pambuyo ponditembenukira ndi ikukonzekera la mlongoti wa :. mu chilengedwe chonse anali atathana phokoso, zonse maziko chigawo. Iwo sadalira mwina malo ake dziko lapansi kuti mapulaneti ena, amene yomweyo kulimira ndi kopanda wailesi kulowelela kwa zinthu dziko, kapena nthawi ya tsiku. Ngakhale R. Wilson, A. Penzias kapena n'komwe kuti chidina cheza cha chilengedwe chatsegulidwa.

Popeza palibe m'modzi wa iwo sanadziwe analemba pa "maziko" kwa zida makamaka (zokwanira kumbukirani kuti mumamwa mayikirowevu mlongoti ndi yovuta kwambiri pa nthawi), anadutsa pafupifupi chaka, mpaka zinadziwika - phokoso analembedwa ndi mbali ya chilengedwe yokha. Mphamvu ya mbendera wailesi anatengedwa ndi zayamba zofanana cheza mwamphamvu blackbody kutentha Kelvin 3 (1 Kelvin ndi wofanana ndi madigiri -273 Celsius). Yerekezerani ziro Kelvin limafanana ndi kutentha chinthu maatomu n'kupuma. The cheza pafupipafupi ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 500 MHz kuti GHz 500.

Panthawi imeneyi, theorists awiri pa University Princeton - Dicke ndi E. Pibbls potengera zitsanzo watsopano wa chilengedwe chonse, mwamasamu masamu kuti cheza ngati kuyenera kukhalapo ndi kusinthitsa onse danga. Nkosafuna kunena kuti Penzias, mwangozi anapeza zokhudza nkhani imeneyi nkhani, ndinapita kwa yunivesite ndipo anati kuti cheza chidina anali wapezeka.

Potengera chiphunzitso cha Big Bang, nkhani zonse ndi mphamvu ya chilengedwe chonse chifukwa cha kuphulika m'patali. Woyamba 300 zikwi. Patapita zaka danga ndi osakaniza particles pulayimale ndi radiations. Kenako, chifukwa cha kutentha kuwonjezeka inayamba kugwa, kotheka kulandira maatomu. Mayina chidina cheza - ndi Echo a nthawi imeneyo kutali. Bola ngati chilengedwechi malire, ndi tinthu kachulukidwe anali kwambiri moti cheza ndi "zokhudzana" monga unyinji wa particles kusonyeza mtundu uliwonse mafunde, osalola kulalikira. Iwo anali pambuyo chiyambi cha mapangidwe maatomu, danga wakhala "mandala" kuti mafunde. Akukhulupirira kuti CMB anaonekera mwanjira imeneyo. Pa mphindi, mu zonse centimeter kiyubiki malo lili 500 wa photons choyambirira Komabe, mphamvu yawo anatsika ndi pafupifupi 100 zina.

Maziko cheza pa mbali zosiyana za chilengedwe chonse kutentha osiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa malo nkhani yaikulu mu chilengedwe likukula. Kodi osalimba a maatomu a nkhani m'tsogolo apamwamba chiwerengero cha dzuwa, choncho kutentha kwake yafupika. Ndi m'madera izi kenako anapanga zinthu zazikulu (nyenyezi ndi masango awo).

Kuphunzira CMB amanyamula chophimba njakata pa ambiri a njira kunachitika chiyambi cha nthawi.