Lysosomes - selo ndi "medics"

Iri yonse yochepetsetsa wamoyo uli ya nyumba kuti amupatse mwayi wosonyeza katundu zonse zamoyo. Kuti liziyenda bwino, selo ayenera kupeza zakudya zokwanira kuphwanyaphwanya ndi kumasula mphamvu zawo, limene tiyeni tipite pa zamoyo thandizo.

Mu gawo loyamba la njira zovuta ndi kasamalidwe mphamvu lysosomes maselo otshnurovyvayutsya m'mbali flattened dictyosomes akasinja (Golgi).

Kodi lysosomes

Lysosomes - ndi odnomembrannye ng'ombe ozungulira awiri a microns kuchokera 0.2 2, chimene akachita mu zovuta za michere hydrolytic. Iwo amatha adzaphatikizana aliyense polima achilengedwe kapena thunthu dongosolo zovuta, kugwera mu selo monga gawo lapansi michere kapena wothandizila achilendo:

• mapulotini polypeptides;
• polysaccharides (wowuma, dextrin, glycogen);
• zidulo mkati;
• lipids.

Mwachangu Izi zingalimbikitse 40 losiyanasiyana michere ali lysosomes masanjidwewo ndi mbali lamkati la nembanemba mu boma adherent.

umagwirira lysosomes

Kakhungu azinga lysosome, kuteteza organelles ndi mbali zina ma ya chosinkhasinkha enzyme zovuta. Koma mu kuwira michere onse magwero zomanga thupi, chifukwa iwo inang'ambika chifukwa proteases?

mfundo ndi yakuti mu michere lysosome ndi glycosylated boma. Izi zimam'patsa "chipolopolo" zimawachititsa bwino kuzindikira kuti michere proteolytic.

Chisoni sing'anga mkati lysosomes ndi ofooka asidi (pH 4.5-5), mosiyana hyaloplasm pafupifupi ndale. Iwo amalenga yabwino kwa zochita za michere ndi ntchito H ⁺ -ATPase, amene mapampu mapulotoni mkati organelles.

Kutembenuka ndondomeko lysosome

Morphologically selo mitundu iwiri waukulu lysosomes - pulayimale ndi sekondale.

lysosomes chachikulu - ndi thovu laling'ono, kapena yosalala konsekonse, wosiyana thanki Golgi zovuta. Iwo ali m'ndandanda wa michere hydrolytic pa poyamba anapanga nembanemba granular (roughened) EPR. Isanafike mayamwidwe lysosomes michere gawo lapansi ali mu mawonekedwe kulalikira.

Kuti tiyambepo mu michere lysosome ndi kuti particles chakudya kapena zakumwa. Izi zimachitika m'njira ziwiri:

1. Ndi autophagy, kumene particles chakudya chosakanikirana ndi lysosome ku cytoplasm ozungulira. Nembanemba organelles invaginates mfundo zokhudzana ndi tinthu ndi imapanga vesicle endocytic kenako otshnurovyvaetsya mkati lysosomes.
2. Ndi geterofagii pamene lysosome merges ndi vesicles endocytic, kamodzi pa cytoplasm selo chifukwa mayamwidwe zolimba kapena zakumwa kuchokera kunja.

lysosomes Secondary - ichi vesicles munali michere ndi gawo lapansi chimbudzi. Iwo yodziwika ndi ntchito hydrolytic anasonyeza ndi kutulutsa chifukwa cha mayamwidwe a gawo lapansi lysosome chachikulu.

Ndi kuti ntchito kuchepetsa lysosomal chimbudzi (pogawanikana pamawere) particles olimba ndi organic solutes, ndondomeko kusinthasintha amaperekedwa ndi luso lysosomes yachiwiri:

• kuphatikiza ndi lysosomes chachikulu, chimene kubweretsa mtanda watsopano wa michere;
• coalesce ndi particles latsopano chakudya kapena vesicles endocytotic kukhalabe mosalekeza ndondomeko pogawanikana pamawere;
• kuphatikiza ndi lysosomes ena sekondale, kupanga dongosolo lalikulu angathe kungolandira organelles zina khungu;
• kuyamwa vesicles pinocytic kukulitsa matupi multivesicular.

Kapangidwe ka lysosomes pamene thunthu kusintha. Kawirikawiri yekha umakhala kukula.

zina lysosomes

Nthawi zina akuwaza anagwidwa lysosome zinthu si mpaka kumapeto. particles Undigested si kuchotsedwa organelle ndi kudziunjikira mu izo. Pambuyo mwa kundipatsako kwa michere hydrolytic ndi zatha, ting'onoting'ono basi ndi zobwezerezedwanso okhutira, kapangidwe ka lysosome amakhala ovuta kuwamvetsa, magawo. Angagwiritsidwenso waikamo pigment zinthu. Lysosome n'kukhala thupi yotsalira.

Kenako Ng'ombe yotsalira kukhala khungu kapena kuchotsedwa therefrom ndi exocytosis.

Mu protists maselo angapezeke autophagosomes. Ndi chikhalidwe chawo, iwo ali lysosomes yachiwiri. Mkati organelles amenewa akupezeka zotsalira za zigawo zikuluzikulu selo ndi nyumba cytoplasmic. Iwo anapanga ndi kuwononga khungu, ukalamba ndi organelles ma ali zigawo yobwezeretsanso selo, potulutsa monomers.

Lysosome ntchito mu selo

Lysosomes makamaka kupereka zofunikira pomanga selo zinthu depolimerizuya zinthu atsekerezedwa m'menemo.

Kutha kwa chakudya ndi kugwirizana zofunika kagayidwe mphamvu ya maselo popereka ndi gawo lapansi kwa kutembenuka mu mitochondria lapansi.

Lysosomes - kumakhalanso chitetezo ulalo mu chitetezo cha m'thupi:

1. Pambuyo phagocytosis mabakiteriya ndi leucocytes, lysosomes kutsanulira nkhani zake kuti patsekeke wa vesicle phagocytic, ndi kuwononga tizilombo zoipa.
2. Kumasulidwa michere proteolytic mu aputosisi - ma selo imfa.
3. Tayani "wakale wamkulu" organelles zowonongeka ndi selo.

Mothandizana ndi kuchuluka selo, lysosomes nawo yobwezeretsanso nyumba zosiyanasiyana amapereka pomwe chamoyo.