Mumadziwika akatswiri zoweta ndi apeza

Mpaka m'ma XIX, mfundo "zamoyo" kulibe, ndipo anthu amene tikugwira kuphunzira chikhalidwe, wotchedwa estestvoznatelyami, naturalists. Tsopano asayansi awa amene makolo a Sciences Tizilombo. Tiyeni tikumbukire, amene anali zoweta akatswiri (ndi kutsegula mwachidule kufotokoza), kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zamoyo sayansi , ndipo maziko njira yatsopano.

Ni Vavilov (1887-1943)

akatswiri athu ndipo apeza kudziwika kwa dziko lonse. Pakati wotchuka - Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, Soviet katswiri, malo,, breeder, zachibadwa. Iye anabadwa mu banja wamalonda, iye anaphunzitsidwa pa Institute of Agriculture. Kwa zaka makumi awiri, iye anatsogolera Maulendo sayansi kuphunzira zomera. Iye wayenda pafupifupi dziko lonse kupatula Australia ndi Antarctica. Buku lapadera mbewu za zomera zosiyanasiyana.

Pa maulendo ake, asayansi anazindikira malo chiyambi cha zomera nakulitsa. Iye anandiuza kuti pali malo amene anachokera. Iye anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti kuphunzira chomera chitetezo chokwanira ndipo anaziulula malamulo ija magazi, omwe analola kukhazikitsa regularities mu zamoyo wa dziko mbewu. Mu 1940, katswiri wa, anamangidwa pa zosamveka ya kuba. Iye anafa mu ndende, atamwalira asintha khalidwe lawo.

AO Kovalevsky (1840-1901)

Pakati pa apainiya zimakhala woyenera malo zoweta akatswiri. Ndipo anatulukira poyavliyali pa chitukuko cha sayansi dziko. Pakati pa padziko lonse lapansi otchuka ofufuza invertebrates - dzina lake Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky, ndi zamoyo ndi embryologist. Iye anaphunzitsidwa St. Petersburg University. Iye anaphunzira nyama za m'madzi, anayamba kukaona ku Red, Caspian, Mediterranean ndi Adriatic Sea. Analenga Sevastopol m'madzi kwachilengedwenso siteshoni ndipo kalekale wotsogolera ake. Iye anapanga chopereka lalikulu Aquarium lapansi.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Onufrievich anaphunzira embryology ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa invertebrates. Iye anali proponent a Darwin ndi kuphunzira njira chirengedwe. Ankachititsa kafukufuku m'munda wa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, thunthu ndi histology wa invertebrates. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa embryology zamoyo zinachita ndi histology.

II Mechnikov (1845-1916)

Asayansi, akatswiri ndiponso kutulukira awo waife dziko. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov mu 1908 anapambana Nobel Prize mu Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kapena Medicine. Mechnikov anabadwa mu banja ndi mkulu, ophunzira pa yunivesite ya Kharkov. Chinatseguka okhudza maselo ambiri chimbudzi, chitetezo chokwanira ma pogwiritsa ntchito njira chotsimikiziridwa Embryology magwero ofanana inakhala ndi invertebrates.

Iye anagwira ntchito pa nkhani ya kusinthika kwa zinthu ndi embryology ndi Kovalevsky anakhala woyambitsa wa mbali iyi sayansi. Mechnikov zolemba zinali zofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda opatsirana, tayifodi, TB kolera. Asayansi zikugwira njira ya ukalamba. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti afe msanga ndi chiphe ndi ziphe tating'onoting'ono ndi kulimbikitsa njira za ukhondo wa nkhondo, udindo waukulu kuti abwezeretse microflora matumbo ntchito mkaka. Russian wasayansi walenga sukulu ya immunology, tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso, kudwala.

Pavlov II (1849-1936)

Kodi chopereka kuphunzira ntchito mantha apamwamba asayansi athu, akatswiri ndi apeza? The Russian wopambana Nobel Prize yoyamba mankhwala wakhala Pavlov Ivan Petrovich ntchito yake pa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa chimbudzi. The kwambiri Russian wasayansi ndi physiologist, mlengi wa sayansi ya ntchito apamwamba mantha. Iye anayambitsa mfundo ya unconditioned ndi bongo wabwino.

Wasayansi kubanja la ansembe, ndipo maphunziro Ryazan Theological Seminary. Koma mu chaka chatha ndinawerenga bukhu I. M. Sechenova pa bongo ubongo nakhala chidwi zamoyo ndi mankhwala. Anaphunzira Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa nyama pa St. Petersburg University. Pavlov pogwiritsa ntchito njira opaleshoni zaka 10 anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa chimbudzi ndi maphunziro awa alandira Nobel Prize. Mbali ina chidwi chinali ntchito apamwamba mantha, kuphunzira zimene Yoswa zaka 35 zakubadwa. Iye anayambitsa malingaliro zikuluzikulu za sayansi ndi khalidwe - ndi makonzedwe bongo chopanda malire zolimba.

Koltsov NK (1872-1940)

Kupitiriza mutu wa "akatswiri m'banja ndinso apeza." Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov - zamoyo, woyambitsa wa sukulu ya Biology Experimental. Anabadwa mu yowerengera banja. Maphunziro University Moscow, kumene anaphunzitsidwa poyerekeza thunthu ndi embryology, deta sayansi Laboratories European. Unakonzedwa ndi Laboratory wa Biology Experimental pa Anthu a University Shanyavsky.

Ndinaphunzira biophysics maselo, zinthu zimene kudziwa mawonekedwe ake. ntchito izi m'gulu la sayansi amatchedwa "Koltsov mfundo". Koltsov - m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa chibadwa mu Russia, kulinganiza wa Laboratories woyamba ndi Dipatimenti ya Biology Experimental. Wasayansi anayambitsa atatu kwachilengedwenso siteshoni. Iye anakhala woyamba Russian wasayansi amene anagwiritsa ntchito njira thupi ndi mankhwala kafukufuku kwachilengedwenso.

KA Timiryazev (1843-1920)

Asayansi Russian, akatswiri ndi apeza m'munda wa mbewu Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa chinathandiza chitukuko cha zapansi sayansi agronomy. Timiryazev Kliment Arkadevich anali masoka wasayansi, wofufuza ndiponso kulimbikitsa maganizo photosynthesis Darwin. Wasayansi anachokera ku banja mfulu, maphunziro pa yunivesite ya St. Petersburg.

Timiryazev anaphunzira funso chomera zakudya, photosynthesis, chilala kukana. Asayansi simuli woyera sayansi, komanso Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito yeniyeni ya kafukufuku. Iye anali woyang'anira minda odziwa, amene anali zosiyanasiyana feteleza ndi olembedwa zimakhudza awo pa mbewu. Chifukwa cha kuphunzira ichi, ulimi zapita patsogolo kwambiri pa njira intensification.

Michurin IV (1855-1935)

akatswiri Russian ndipo apeza zinakhudza ulimi ndi horticulture. Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin - amadziwika zamoyo ndi mahatchiwo. makolo ake aang'ono olemekezeka m'deralo, iwo akutengedwa wasayansi chidwi munda. Ana aang'ono, anamusamalira mwa munda, mitengo yambiri imene anali katemera ndi atate wake, komanso agogo yemwe anali agogo. Kusankha ntchito Michurin anayamba kuthamanga mu Nyumbayi lendi. Pa ntchito anabweretsa mitundu oposa 300 zomera nakulitsa, kuphatikizapo ndinazolowera zoni chapakati Russia zinthu.

Tikhomirov AA (1850-1931)

Asayansi Russian, akatswiri ndi apeza athandiza kukhala malangizo atsopano mu ulimi. Dzina lake Aleksandr Andreevich Tihomirov - ndi zamoyo, dokotala wa zinyama ndi rector wa Moscow State University. Mu St. Petersburg University, analandira digiri malamulo ake, koma anachita chidwi mu zamoyo ndipo analandira digiri yachiwiri pa University Moscow mu dipatimenti sayansi. Asayansi apeza chodabwitsa parthenogenesis yokumba, wina mbali zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha munthu. Iye anapanga chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha sericulture.

IM Sechenov (1829-1905)

Mutu wa "asayansi otchuka, akatswiri ndi apeza" chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova. Izi wotchuka Russian zamoyo zinachita kusintha, physiologist ndi wophunzitsa. Anabadwa mu mwinimunda banja, iye anaphunzitsidwa pa sukulu Main wa Engineering ndi University ya Moscow.

Asayansi aphunzira ubongo ndipo anapeza malo, kuchititsa zotsatira chopinga wa chapakati mantha dongosolo, ubongo watsimikizira ntchito minofu. Iye analemba tingachipeze powerenga ntchito "bongo mwa Brain", limene anakonza kuganiza kuti zochita amazindikira kukomoka odzipereka mu mawonekedwe a bongo. Ine anapereka ubongo monga kompyuta, amene akulamulira njira zonse zofunika. Iye wolungama ntchito kupuma magazi. Scientist walenga ndi Russian Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa sukulu.

Di Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

Mapeto a XIX - oyambirira XX m'ma - nthawi imene ntchito akatswiri kwambiri Russian. Ndipo iwo apeza (gome la kukula kulikonse sanathe woyenera mndandanda awo) chinachititsa kuti chitukuko cha mankhwala ndi zamoyo. Pakati pawo Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky - physiologist, wasayansi ndi woyambitsa wa virology. Iye anaphunzitsidwa St. Petersburg University. Ngakhale pa phunzirolo anasonyeza chidwi ndi matenda zomera.

Asayansi amanena kuti matenda amayamba ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kapena poizoni. Mavairasi okha ndaona ndi elekitironi maso, zaka 50 zokha basi ina. Amaona baba wa Ivanovsky Virology sayansi. Asayansi akufufuza ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu mowa ndi mphamvu pa izo a wotchedwa chlorophyll ndi mpweya, ndi thunthu la zomera, dothi tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso.

Zinayi SS (1880-1959)

akatswiri Russian ndipo apeza achititsa kuti chitukuko cha chibadwa. Chetverikov SERGEY Sergeevich anabadwa mu banja la mwini fakitale wasayansi, ophunzira pa yunivesite ya Moscow. Ichi ndi zachibadwa kwambiri ndi kusinthika kwa zinthu, amene bungwe kuphunzira chibadwa mwa anthu nyama. Chifukwa cha kuphunzira izi ofufuza ankaona tate wa chibadwa chisinthiko. Maziko a mwambo watsopano - chibadwa cha anthu.

Mwawerenga nkhani yakuti "kudziwika Russian asayansi, akatswiri ndi apeza." Table Kupambana kwawo, angathe kukhala pa maziko a chuma akufuna.