Ndi ulamuliro wa chala chiyani?

Amene anasankha zamagetsi ngati utakhala waukulu, ali bwino kudziwika ndi zina zimatha zoyambirira za magetsi ndi pansiyi mphamvu ya maginito. Munthu mmodzi wofunika kwambiri wa iwo - ndi dzanja lamanja ulamuliro. Pa dzanja limodzi ndi kovuta kuyitana ulamuliro pa lamulo. Ndi lolondola kwambiri kuti izi ndi imodzi mwa katundu wofunika kwambiri wa magetsi.

ndi ulamuliro wa chala chiyani? Khama ngakhale pali, koma kumvetsetsa kokwanira kwambiri za izo M'pofunikanso kukumbukira ndizosowa magetsi. Monga kale ku sukulu Physics, magetsi inawadutsa ndi kayendedwe ka particles pulayimale onyamula ndi mlandu magetsi chuma chilichonse conductive. Kawirikawiri ndi chikufanana ndi kusamutsidwa interatomic wa ma elekitironi valence amene ali chifukwa chikoka Link (mwachitsanzo, maginito zimachitika) analandira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zokwanira kuthawa zili m'njira zake khazikika m'njira maatomu. Lingaliro kuyesera. Kuti tichite zimenezi tiyenera katundu, ndi EMF gwero ndi wochititsa (waya) kulumikiza zinthu zonse chatsekedwa dera limodzi.

Gwero umabala mu wochititsa imatsogoleredwa kayendedwe ka particles pulayimale. Choncho m'ma 19 izo unkachitika kuti padziko oterowo wochititsa amapezeka ndi maginito, yomwe imazungulira kumbali ina. Ulamuliro wa chala chachikulu basi kudziwa malangizo a kasinthasintha. Kasinthidwe okhudza malo a munda ali ngati chubu zimene wochititsa pakati ili. Munthu angaganize: kodi kusiyana, khalidwe ndi kwaiye munda maginito! Komabe, ngakhale Ampere anaona kuti ochititsa awiri ndi amadza panopa pa wina ndi mzake ndi minda yawo maginito, kuyambira kapena azifunana, malinga ndi malangizo a kasinthasintha wa minda yawo. M'tsogolo, potengera mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano wochitidwa ndi Ampere anakonza ndi wolungama malamulo ake mogwirizana (by njira, ndi maziko a Motors magetsi). Mwachionekere, osadziwa ulamuliro wa chala, kumvetsa njira yovuta kwambiri.

Mu chitsanzo ichi malangizo panopa amadziwika - kuchokera "+" kuti "-". Kudziŵa mumaganiza zikhale zosavuta ntchito dzanja lamanja ulamuliro. Maganizo kuyamba kupotokola gimlet muyezo lamanja ulusi mu wochititsa ndi (motsatira izo) kuti chifukwa patsogolo kayendedwe anali coaxial ndi akulowera panopa. Pankhaniyi, kutembenukira gudumu adzakhala lifanane ndi kasinthasintha wa kumunda maginito. N'zotheka ntchito chitsanzo china: ochiritsira zopotoka mu wononga (bauti, ndi wononga).

lamulo ili angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyana pang'ono (ngakhale tanthauzo ndicho chimodzimodzi): Ngati maganizo akukumbatirana dzanja lamanja panopa kumangopitirizabe wochititsa kuti anayi wopindidwa zala chimaloza kumalo amene munda onsewo ndiye wopindidwa chala adzasonyeza malangizo a panopa likuyenderera mu wochititsa ndi . Motero, kukambirana ndi zowona: kudziwa malangizo panopa, "kukumbatirana" waya, n'zotheka kudziwa rotational malangizo a vekitala opangidwa ndi munda maginito. lamulo ili chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawerengedwe a inductors, zomwe malingana malangizo a coils Sinthani zimakhudza panopa loyenda (kulenga, ngati n'koyenera, potsimikizira).

lamulo gimlet amalola zopanga chotsatira, ngati dzanja yomweyo kuti mzere wa mavuto kwaiye mphamvu ya maginito m'gulu mmenemo, ndi zinayi anaweramuka chala kunenanso malangizo odziwika zoyenda wa particles mlandu wochititsa, ndiye wopindidwa pa ngodya 90 madigiri chala adzasonyeza malangizo a vekitala ndi mphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito pa wochititsa kupendekeretsa kwenikweni. Mwa njira, mphamvu amalenga kutsinde makokedwe iliyonse galimoto.

Monga mukuonera, njira ya ntchito pamwamba akulamulira kwambiri, choncho waukulu "angamavutike" ndi kuti musankhe munthu waubwenzi kwa iye.