The malangizo panopa: kuchokera opanda kuti kuphatikiza ndi mosemphanitsa?

Ife tonse tikudziwa kuti magetsi ali ndi nthenda lotsogozedwa ndi tinthu mlandu ndi zotsatira za m'munda magetsi. Izi ndikuuzani wophunzira aliyense. Koma funso kodi malangizo panopa ndipo n'chiyani chikuchitikira particles zomwezi, ambiri akhoza chitsa.

Mfundo pa nkhani

Monga amadziwika, mu wochititsa magetsi anasamutsa ma elekitironi mu electrolytes - cations ndi anions (kapena kungoti ayoni), ma elekitironi mu semiconductors ntchito ndi otchedwa "mabowo", mu mpweya wa - ayoni ndi ma elekitironi. Kuyambira kupezeka kwa particles ndi maziko m'nkhaniyo anapatsidwa ndi madutsidwe ake magetsi yozungulira. Popeza munda magetsi mu zitsulo wochititsa panopa sadzapita. Koma kamodzi mafelemu awiri ukapezeka kusiyana kuthekera, i.e., voteji amapezeka mu elekitironi poyenda ndi kusiya chisokonezeko abwera kuti iwo kuopsedwa ndi opanda ndipo kuphatikiza walunjika kwa. Zingaoneke, ndicho yankho la funso "Kodi malangizo panopa?". Koma apo icho chinali. Tangoonani buku lina kapena basi buku lililonse sayansi, ngati yomweyo amakhala chimaonekadi kutsutsana. Akuti akuti makonzedwe "panopa malangizo" akusonyeza malangizo a gulu la milandu zabwino, mwa kulankhula kwina, ku kuphatikiza ndi opanda. Kodi kuthana ndi mawu amenewa? Ndipotu, kuno ku maliseche diso mkangano waukulu!

Chizoloŵezi

Pamene anthu aphunzira kuti dera la DC, iwo samadziwa kuli elekitironi lapansi. Makamaka, pa nthawi ife sankatikayikira kuti amayenda opanda kuti kuphatikiza. Pamene mkuzamawu anapereka mu zoyambirira za m'ma 19, malangizo panopa ali ku kuphatikiza ndi opanda, nonse kwa inuyo sinkhani ndi lingaliro ili palibe munthu kutsutsana. Panapita zaka 70, mpaka anthu anapeza kuti panopa mu zitsulo ndi chifukwa kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi. Ndipo pamene iwo kuzindikira (icho chinachitika mu 1916), onse kotero ntchito posankha yotentha ndi Ampere kuti kale sanasinthe chilichonse.

"The golide zikutanthauza"

The electrolytes zoipa mlandu particles kusuntha kwa cathode ndi zabwino - kuti anode lapansi. Chinthu chomwecho chimachitika mu mpweya. Ngati mukuganiza za malangizo otani panopa ali mu nkhani iyi, mumaganiza njira imodzi yokha: Sunthani ochititsa kuti milandu magetsi mu dera chatsekedwa ndikupita cha mzake. Ngati ife kutenga mawu awa monga maziko, udzachotsa alipo nkhondo panopa. Mwina chifukwa anadabwa, koma zaka akadali zoposa 70 zapitazo, asayansi apeza chakuti zosiyana chizindikiro magetsi milandu mu sing'anga ndi conductive kwenikweni kulingalira mzake. mawu Izi ndi zoona kwa wochititsa aliyense malingana ndi mtundu wa zitsulo, gasi, electrolyte michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, tikuyembekeza kuti adzathetsa chisokonezo mu terminology a sayansi amakono ndi kutsatira ndi tanthauzo lomveka la ndichiyani kuti malangizo amenewa a kayendedwe panopa. Chizolowezi, ndithudi, kusintha ndi zovuta, koma muyenera pomaliza kuika chirichonse mu malo ake.