Liwiro freefall

Amadziwika kuti Earth chimakopa munthu wina kuti pakati pake penipeni ndi otchedwa munda yokoka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kwambiri mtunda pakati pa thupi ndi padziko lathuli, zazikulu mphamvu ya Earth amakhudza iye, ndi zambiri kutchulidwa mphamvu yokoka.

Thupi kugwa vertically kunsi, izo akadali anakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu zatchulidwazi, chifukwa zochita thupi likanakhala kugwa. Patsalanso funso lofuna zimene adzakhala liwiro lake mu kugwa? Pa dzanja limodzi, pa phunziro umakhudza mpweya kukana, amene ali amphamvu mokwanira, ena - kwambiri thupi umalakalaka Lapansi kusiyana ndi patsogolo kwa izo. The choyamba - n'zoonekeratu mwalamulo, ndi kuchepetsa liwiro la chachiwiri - kupereka mathamangitsidwe ndi liwiro kuwonjezeka. Choncho, pali funso ngati n'zotheka kumasula kugwa pa Dziko Lapansi? Kwenikweni, ndi ufulu kugwa kwa thupi n'chotheka mu zingalowe, kumene palibe kulowelera mu mawonekedwe a mpweya otaya kukana. Komabe, mu chimango cha sayansi yamakono, kugwa ufulu wa thupi ankaona kuti kayendedwe umodzi, zomwe si kukumana phokoso (mpweya kukana akhoza adatayidwira mu nkhani iyi).

Chinthu ndi kulenga zinthu pamene chinthu kugwa si bwanji ndi magulu ena, makamaka mpweya yomweyo, ife tikhoza chongopeka yekha. Zakhala experimentally anatsimikizira kuti mathamangidwe ufulu kugwa kwa thupi zingalowe ndi nthawizonse nambalayi kaya thupi. gulu limeneli limatchedwa uniformly zolimira. Choyamba anafotokozedwa ndi wotchuka wasayansi zakuthambo Galileo Galilei kuposa 4 zaka zapitazo. Kufunika kwa anapezazo izi sanataye mphamvu zake mpaka lero.

Monga tanenera kale, mfulu kugwa kwa thupi mu chimango cha tsiku ndi tsiku - ndi makonzedwe, ndipo si dzina zoonadi. Pa chatsika mathamangidwe thupi si yunifolomu. thupi inapita patsogolo, umene zoyenda amenewa akufotokozedwa monga chitsanzo chapadera cha uniformly inapita apaulendo. M'mawu ena, aliyense chachiwiri thupi liwiro zingasiyane. Pokumbukira chosungitsa ichi, tikhoza kupeza mathamangidwe cha kugwa ufulu wa thupi. Ngati sitisiya nkhani ya mathamangitsidwe (ie, musataye izo, koma mulibe kutalika a), mathamangidwe koyamba ndi ziro: Vo = 0. Aliyense liwiro yachiwiri kuonjezera mogwirizana ndi nthawi zinapita ndi liwiro: GT.

Nkofunika kuti afotokoze athandizira variable g. Izi - mathamangitsidwe yokoka. Poyambirira, ife kale pamaso pa mathamangitsidwe pamene thupi kugwera pansi zinthu zachilendo, ie, mu kukhalapo kwa mpweya ndi mchikakamizo yokoka. munthu wina imagwera dziko lapansi ndi mathamangitsidwe wofanana ndi 9,8 m / S2, kaya ake kulemera.

Tsopano, kunena malire, ife amapeza chilinganizo zimene kuwerengera liwiro la kugwa ufulu wa thupi:

V = Vo + GT.

Ndiko kuti, mlingo koyamba (ngati ife anapereka thupi lake mwa kuwaponya, Kankhani kapena mwai zina) kuwonjezera mankhwala a yokoka mathamangitsidwe chiwerengero cha masekondi anatenga thupi kufika pamwamba. Ngati mathamangidwe koyamba ndi ziro, ndiye njira amakhala:

V = GT.

Kuti ali chabe chifukwa chakuti mathamangitsidwe yokoka pa nthawi.

Mofananamo, kudziwa liwiro la ufulu kugwa chinthu, n'zotheka tikuona nthawi kuyenda kapena mathamangidwe koyamba.

Kuyenera wolemekezeka chilinganizo kuwerengera liwiro thupi kuponyedwa pa ngodya ndi kwa yopingasa, monga mu nkhani iyi adzachita mphamvu, pang'onopang'ono liwiro liwiro kuyenda anaponyedwa chinthu.

Ngati kuonedwa ndi ife, thupi amachita pa okha mphamvu yake yokoka ndi mpweya kukana kuti mokulira, sikumangotikhudza liwiro kusintha.