Kuyang'anira Zamagetsi

matupi onse wapangidwa particles indivisible ting'onoting'ono pulayimale. Ali misa ndipo amatha kukopa mzake. Malinga ndi malamulo a mphamvu yokokera pansi, pamene mtunda pakati pa particles ndi wokongola mphamvu ndi amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono (ndi inversely njila kwa lalikulu la kutali). Mphamvu ya mogwirizana ndi tinthu kuposa mphamvu yokoka. mogwirizana Izi ndi otchedwa "kuyang'anira magetsi" ndi particles - mlandu.

Mogwirizana ndi tinthu otchedwa solenoid. Ndi khalidwe la ambiri particles pulayimale. Ngati izo siziri mwa iwo, ndiye kulankhula za pakalibe mlandu.

Zamagetsi mlandu Mzimuyo mlingo wa mphamvu ya mogwirizana ndi mu atomu. Ndi khalidwe zofunika particles pulayimale zimene imalongosola makhalidwe awo. Anatchulidwa zilembo "Q" kapena "Q".

Macroscopic muyezo woyezera mlandu magetsi kulibe, kulenga monga sikutheka chifukwa kutayikira ake mosalephera. Mu sayansi atomiki, unit kutenga woyang'anira elekitironi ndi. The System Mayiko mayunitsi walembedwa ntchito panopa. Woyang'anira mu m'khosi imodzi (1 C) chimasonyeza kuti akudutsa pa panopa 1 A 1 chachiwiri kudzera chigawo kondakitala. Izi si mkulu woyang'anira. thupi Small kulengeza n'zosatheka. Koma kondakitala ndale zoyenda mu 1 C mlandu ndithu weniweni.

Zamagetsi mlandu ndi kuchuluka scalar thupi limene amadziwika luso particles kapena matupi kulowa mu atomu mphamvu zimene zimachitika pakati pa iwo.

Mu kuphunzira mogwirizana ndi mfundo yofunika ya mtengo mfundo. Ndi thupi mlandu, amene miyeso ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa mtunda kuchokera ku zimene ananena mfundo kapena particles ena mlandu. Pamene awiri mfundo milandu cm ndi yokulirapo kuposa miyeso awo liniya.

particles ndi zosiyana milandu mapulotoni - zabwino, ma elekitironi - negative. Zizindikiro izi (kuphatikiza ndi opanda) kuonetsa luso particles kuti kukopeka (ndi zizindikiro zosiyana) ndi kuyamba (osachepera limodzi). Mu chikhalidwe, zizindikiro zabwino ndi zoipa ndi kulipidwa mzake.

The magetsi mlandu particles ndi ofanana mu mtengo mtheradi, kaya ndi zabwino monga pulotoni kapena zoipa, monga elekitironi lapansi. Mlandu osachepera akuti ndi pulayimale. Onse particles ndi mlandu. Osiyana gawo mlandu tinthu ndi zosatheka. Mtengo osachepera anatsimikiza experimentally.

kuyang'anira magetsi ndi katundu angathe kuyeza ntchito electrometer. Amakhala likuzungulira ndi olamulira yopingasa ya ndodo zitsulo ndi mivi. Ngati ndodo kukhudza Wand ndithu mlandu, muvi anapanduka ndi njira zina. Ichi ndi chifukwa kufalitsidwa mlandu pa muvi ndi bar. Tembenuzani muvi chifukwa mphamvu ya repulsion. Ndi kuwonjezeka mlandu ukuwonjezeka ndi mbali ya zopatuka choimirira. Ndiko kuti, chosonyeza kuti paja kuti imafalikira ndodo electrometer.

Pali katundu zotsatirazi mlandu magetsi. Iwo akhoza kukhala zabwino kapena zoipa (mwachisawawa kusankha maudindo), zomwe kukopa ndi amawateteza. milandu akhoza anasamutsa kukhudzana kwa wina matupi wina. thupi limodzi mwa mapangidwe chosiyana ndi milandu yosiyanasiyana. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi apawokha, kutanthauza kuti kuli kakang'ono ulamulire lonse, ndi angapo a kanjedza chogwirizana matupi iliyonse. Mwa dongosolo chatsekedwa Uwerenge algebraic milandu onse sizisintha. Chikhalidwe cha mlandu chizindikiro chimodzi chiyani osadzuka ndi kudzatha imodzi.