Urea. Norma ndi zinthu zolakwika.

Urea ndi puloteni kuwonongeka mankhwala. Pamene anachita deamination la amino zidulo kubala ammonia. Pofuna kuchepetsa kawopsedwe ake ndi n'chongoletsa, ndi apanga mu urea chiwindi. Urea - wozama maselo kulemera pawiri, momasuka kudutsa nembanemba selo maselo a magazi ndi ziwalo parenchymal. Ngakhale kuti urea palokha ndi otsika-poizoni poizoni koma potaziyamu ayoni kuti kudziunjikira nazo, ndi ena ofanana guanidine. Ndicho chifukwa chake thupi zofunika zokwanira kalekale anakhalabe pa mlingo kofunika urea. Ponseponse amanena umadalira pa zaka munthu, ndipo tingasonyeze kuwunika.

Urea - ndi osmotic yogwira mankhwala, kotero kudzikundikira ake kwambiri kungayambitse kutupa kwa zimakhala ziwalo parenchymal, chapakati mantha dongosolo, subcutaneous minofu ya myocardium lapansi.

Pofuna kudziwa bwino chipangizo ukugwirira ntchito glomerular impso, tingathe kuphunzira msinkhu, mmene madzi ndi anaikira urea. Ponseponse wa wokhutira mu seramu wa ayenera kukhala 1,8-7,5 mmol / l. Pa nthawi yomweyo mlingo wotsikitsitsa kungakhale lililonse kwa ana osaposera zaka 14 ndi apamwamba - okalamba, amene zaka umalandira zaka 60. Makanda index imeneyi iyenera kukhala osachepera 4.3 ndi osachepera 1.4 mmol / l.

Kudziwa ndende ya urea kuchita kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi. Kuti chithunzi thunzi chokwanira kwambiri, pamodzi ndi urea akhoza kutsimikiza mtima zili creatine. Ngati zotsatira za kufufuza, urea anali atachuluka, ndiye chikhalidwe ichi amatchedwa uremia. Nthawi zambiri izo limodzi ndi matenda kukomoka osiyana kuledzera. Urea amapangidwa kuchuluka ndalama pa limati catabolic ntchito mopitirira muyezo mapuloteni, ndi kuloŵerera mapulotini amino zidulo pambuyo magazi muzituluka. The madzi ambiri ukuwonjezeka urea chifukwa cha madzi m'thupi chifukwa chodziwa mayamwidwe chabe kuti tubules impso. Ena mwa matenda amene amachititsa kuti kuchepetsa urea, akhoza kutchulidwa motere:

• Amyloidosis, aimpso, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, TB impso ;
• Nthenda mkodzo otaya kapena patency osauka thirakiti mkodzo;
• zotupa zilonda ndi khansa ya m'magazi;
• Mtima kulephera;
• magazi;
• M'mnyewa wamtima infarction;
• matumbo kutsekeka;
• malungo;
• Burns, kapena mantha;
• madzi m'thupi;
• cachexia;

Palinso matenda thupi, pamene mlingo wochuluka umene anaikira mu urea magazi. Wakudziko mlingo wake chofunika akhoza kuposa chifukwa cha zonse zolimbitsa kuyenda.

Zomwe zili urea ndi akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena. Mwa iwo kutchulidwa monga phenylbutazone, anabolic mankhwala, aldomet, dopegit, Rauwolfia alkaloids, kukonzekera chitsulo, ndi mankhwala nephrotoxic.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuyesa kwa magazi angapezeke kuti urea yafupika. Komabe, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri milandu kumene kuphwanya ntchito kupanga a chiwindi, ndi ngati wodwalayo amadya zochepa zomanga thupi. Zoyambitsa kuchepa madzi a magazi urea mungathe matenda monga matenda enaake, chiwindi ndi kwa chiwindi chikomokere, hyperhydration, acromegaly, poyizoni ndi Arsenic kapena phosphorous, komanso ikadzatha dialysis. Pa mlingo thupi mwina kuchepetsedwa pa mimba urea. Wakudziko ndende yake mu magazi nthawi imeneyi yafupika kwambiri. Chifukwa kuchepetsa urea ingakhalenso zakudya kapena njala. Ndicho chifukwa muyenera njira ufulu zakudya.