N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kudziwa madzi pH?

Monga tonse kukumbukira njira umagwirira sukulu, pH - gulu la ntchito ion wa hydrogen ndi wofanana ndi logarithm osiyanitsidwa za ntchito ion wa hydrogen. Choncho, madzi kukhala pH wofanana 7 ndipo ali 10 ^-7 timadontho-timadontho pa lita imodzi ya ayoni wa hydrogen, ndi madzi a pH 6 - 10 ^-6 timadontho-timadontho pa lita. The pH mfundo lonse zingasiyane mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0 14.

Ambiri, madzi ndi pH zosakwana 7 imatengedwa acidic, pamene pH kuposa 7 - zamchere. Zosiyanasiyana zimene zimachitika pa pH kachitidwe madzi pamwamba lagona mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 6.5 kuti 8.5, ndi kachitidwe mobisa - pa 6 ndi 8.5.

Ubwino Water pH (H ₂ 0) ndi wofanana 7 pa 25 ° C, koma kukhudzana ndi mpweya mu mlengalenga, mgwirizano uwu akugwiritsa pH - za 5.2. kwambiri analimbikitsa chifukwa cha kukhudzana pafupi ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga, pH, ndi kutentha kwa madzi kuti ayesedwe mwamsanga. Pambuyo pH wa madzi si bata zotani acidic kapena zamchere ndi sapereka chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha makhalidwe kapena chifukwa Kuchepetsa madzi.

madzi zofewa

Ambiri, madzi ndi pH otsika (zosakwana 6.5) ndi acidic, zikuwononga ndi zofewa. Choncho, madzi akhoza umalowa mu ayoni zitsulo monga chitsulo, manganese, mkuwa, kutsogolera ndi nthaka kuchokera aquifer, kuikira ndi piping. Choncho, madzi ndi pH otsika mulole:

• muli mpweya zapamwamba za zitsulo poizoni;
• kuyambitsa kuwonongeka msanga kuti mipope zitsulo;
• ndi zachitsulo kapena wowawasa kukoma;
• utoto nsalu;
• ndi khalidwe "buluu wobiriwira" chipolopolo kudetsa ndi bere.

Waukulu njira kuthetsa vuto la otsika pH madzi ndi ntchito neutralizer. Iwo akukamba njira m'madzi kuteteza anachita ndi madzi kapena madzi zoweta electrolytic dzimbiri. A lililonse Converter - mankhwala koloko phulusa. Neutralization awa kudzera kuwonjezeka ndi sodium zili mu madzi.

madzi molimba

Madzi ndi pH pamwamba 8.5 chokhwima. Iwo sikukutanthauza ngozi za umoyo, koma zingachititse mavuto zokongoletsa. mavuto njirazi ndi izi:

• Mapangidwe ndi "lonse" kapena zotsalira pa mipope ndi mindandanda yamasewera.
• Zamchere kukoma madzi, amene angathe kupanga khofi kulawa zowawa.
• Scale anafola mbale, makina ochapira, maiwe kusambira.
• Kulephera kupeza chithovu wa sopo ndi detergents ndi mapangidwe madipoziti insoluble zovala ndi zina zotero. D.
• The kuchepa dzuwa la heaters magetsi madzi.

Monga ulamuliro, mavuto izi zimachitika pamene kuuma ranges 100 mpaka 200 mg CaCO ₃ / lita, lomwe ndi lofanana magalamu 12 pa galoni. Madzi akhoza anasintha ntchito kuwombola ion kapena ndi Kuwonjezera phulusa, koloko-laimu osakaniza, koma njira ziwiri kuonjezera okhutira ndi sodium mu madzi.

PH madzi akumwa

mwatcheru kulamulira pH chofunika pa magawo onse a madzi mankhwala kuonetsetsa zogwira mtima khalidwe ndi madzi disinfection. Ngakhale pH wa madzi kawirikawiri alibe zotsatira mwachindunji pa ogula, ali mmodzi wa ntchito magawo zofunika kwambiri khalidwe madzi. Pakuti disinfection ogwira ndi chlorine pH chizindikiro ayenera makamaka kukhala osachepera 8. pH madzi polowera yogawa dongosolo ziyenera kulamulidwa kuchepetsa dzimbiri a mipope. Kulephera kuchita zimenezi kungachititse kuti kuipitsidwa wa madzi akumwa ndi zotsatira zake likuwonongekera kukoma, fungo ndi maonekedwe.

The pH akadakwanitsira zimasiyana zipangizo osiyanasiyana malingana zikuchokera madzi ndi khalidwe la zomangira ntchito mu dongosolo kugawa, koma ambiri a yankholo mu zosiyanasiyana 6.5-9.5. Oika pH mfundo chingachitike n'chiyani mumapezeka mwangozi, kusokonezeka pa zomera mankhwala.

Mlingo yabwino ionized madzi pH kudya nthawi yaitali anthu ali pakati pa 8.5 ndi 9.5 (ndipo sayembekezera 10.0) ndi yabwino mtengo ORP za 200mV-300mV (ndi Mulimonsemo osati kuposa 400mV).

PH wa madzi muthawale

Monga ndanenera pamwamba, pH - lalikulu khalidwe osati kumwa madzi komanso m'madamu, monga kwa disinfection wa madzi akadali zimagwiritsa ntchito chlorination, ntchito chlorine ndi disinfection Mwachangu mwamphamvu zimadalira koyamba mfundo za madzi pH.

Mankhwala ndicho masaka wothandizila kuletsa chitukuko cha matenda m'madamu anthu, koma chlorine komanso amachitira ndi zinthu organic madzi ndi mitundu ndi zinthu za disinfection (PDP): Nkhani organic - ndilochokera zinthu humic popangidwa ndi mogwirizana wa madzi ndi thukuta, mkodzo, tsitsi, maselo a khungu ndi zotsala za mankhwala munthu chisamaliro kuti kugwera m'madzi ndi osambira. Zamkatimu PDI angathe kuyeza monga Uwerenge mankhwala onse halogenated. Ena PPD azitaya osauka mphumu, ndi carcinogenic kapena akutivutitsa kuti maso ndi khungu.

Mankhwala ndi dzina ambiri asidi chlorous, imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito chlorine mpweya amachitira ndi madzi. Kusungunuka m'madzi, mitundu asidi wa hypochlorite ndipo ali pKa mtengo wa 7.5.

Chlorous asidi zambiri zothandiza kuposa hypochlorite, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, cysts, spores ndipo anafooka HIV. Choncho, ngati mtengo pH wa dziwe losambira ili pa mlingo pansi osiyanasiyana chosinthika, ndalama kochepa la chlorine zifunika kwa mlingo wofanana wa disinfection, choncho aumbike mwa madzi zochepa zomwe zingakhale woopsawo PDP. Malinga ndi ambiri maphunziro, mulingo woyenera pH mlingo wa madzi muthawale ali mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 7.5 kuti 8,0. Ndi kuchepetsa pH kwa 1-0.5 mayunitsi basi (kwa 7,0-6,5) kwambiri kuchuluka misinkhu ya PDI, amene kuwonjezera apo gennotoksichny.

Njira mtima wa pH

PH lonse ndi logarithmic, kutanthauza kuti aliyense kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa wagawo limodzi limaimira kusintha ndi chinthu cha 10. Mwachitsanzo, njira ndi pH 11 10 zina zambiri zamchere kuposa pH njira 10. Pali njira zingapo mmene kudziwa pH wa madzi .

Khama la pH ntchito n'kupanga mayeso

Mayeso n'kupanga ndi pepala litmus, kusintha mtundu kumva kusinthasintha mu pH. Mugule iwo mu Pet masitolo, monga amachita ntchito kudziwa pH wa madzi mu Aquarium ndi (ngakhale pang'ono fluctuation wa chizindikiro zimenezi zingapangitse nsomba amapha).

Pokhudzana ndi madzi mtundu wa mayeso Mzere idzasintha. Muli chabe kuyerekeza mtundu chifukwa ndi chitsanzo mtundu tchati phukusi ndi kupeza phindu yeniyeni. Njira imeneyi kwa kudziwa pH mwamsanga, losavuta mtengo koma ali ndi zolakwa mwachilungamo lalikulu.

Litmus pepala "Rottinger"

Kugula pH n'kupanga m'masitolo zipangizo zachipatala mzinda wanu. Atalipenda zosiyanasiyana pH mayeso (kuyambira wotchipa Chinese ndi kutha mtengo Dutch), ife anazindikira kuti kulakwa osachepera mu umboni anapatsidwa ndi German pH n'kupanga "Rottinger". phukusi ndi chizindikiro lonse la 1 mpaka 14 (pazipita zilipo zosiyanasiyana!) Ndipo 80 pH n'kupanga, ndiwo zokwanira kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndi n'kupanga awa angathe kuyeza pH osati madzi komanso pH madzi kwachilengedwenso monga malovu, mkodzo ndi zina zotero. Popeza wabwino mamita pH ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri (za 3000rub), ndipo kuti iwo akhale ndi kugula njira gawo lotetezedwa kwa calibration, ndi litmus pepala "Rottinger", mtengo wa zomwe si upambana 250-350 rubles., Adzatumikira monga chida chofunika kudziŵa yeniyeni pH mlingo.

Khama la pH ntchito pH-mita

Mu pulasitiki kapena galasi chikho anasonkhana chitsanzo madzi (20-30 ml). The chipangizo sensa ndi rinsed ndi pang'ono madzi otchezedwa, kenako kumizidwa mu njira pamodzi ndi kachipangizo kutentha. The lonse chipangizo n'kukuonetsani pH yeniyeni ya njira mayeso. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti lolondola miyezo bwanji calibration zonse chipangizo, umene ntchito njira muyezo ndi yodziwika kuchuluka pH. Njira imeneyi kudziwa pH ndi zolondola, losavuta kudya, koma pamafunika ndalama lalikulu chuma poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyomu ndi luso chiyambidwe cha ntchito ndi zipangizo zasayansi ndi njira mankhwala.

Choncho, madzi pH - ndi si monga akuti ku sukulu umagwirira Inde, komanso chizindikiro cha khalidwe madzi, zomwe ziyenera kulamulidwa pofuna kupewa zida ndi thanzi mavuto.