Pancreatic mahomoni - tanthauzo kwachilengedwenso.

pancreatic ntchito. Endocrine ntchito ya kapamba amayamba ndi maselo apadera a Zilumba za Langerhans - α-, β-, D- ndi F-mitundu. Maselo a aliyense wa mitundu secrete ena mahomoni islet β-maselo kupanga mankhwala, α-maselo - glucagon, D-maselo - somatostatin, secretin ndi pankreogastrin, F-selo timadzi ngati zinthu ndi apanga (ndi lipokain vagotonin). Choncho, chiwalo chofunika kuti zochitika pa lamulo njira kagayidwe kachakudya, ndi kapamba. Mahomoni, apanga iyo ili amakhudza mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe mu thupi. Insulin anatsegula lv Sobolєv mu 1902. Mu zaka za m'ma 19 anakhazikitsa dongosolo timadzi ndi kaphatikizidwe ake amapangidwa.

Pancreatic mahomoni: insulin. Amalimbana ndi ufulu insulin ndi chiwindi maselo, minofu minofu connective. Insulin amakhudza mitundu yonse ya kuphana: mapuloteni, zimam'patsa zamadzimadzi, koma zotsatira zake pa kagayidwe chakudya kuphunzira bwino. Choyamba, insulin kumawonjezera permeability wa nembanemba selo shuga ndi akutipatsa kutengerapo ake kwa magazi, zimakhala ndi. timadzi Izi imayendetsa fosfoglyukotransferazu enzyme (geksozokinazu) ndipo akutipatsa kutembenuka kwa shuga ndi shuga 6-mankwala. Mapeto a insulin zimakhudzanso zimam'patsa kagayidwe ndi kuchepetsa woipa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia) ndipo kudzikundikira glycogen mu minofu, chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa maselo insulin kutaya luso lawo ntchito shuga. kuchuluka kwake mu magazi pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera (hyperglycemia), ndipo ayamba kuoneka mu mkodzo (glycosuria).

Kuwonjezera insulin timapitiriza zoyendera shuga magazi yogwira kwa amino zidulo, mu cytoplasm maselo lymph, izo imayendetsa galamafoniyo ndi kumasulira, chifukwa mu kuzikonzanso kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni.

Mmene insulin pa kagayidwe zamadzimadzi chifukwa cha chakuti lili ntchito chakudya kwa kaphatikizidwe zidulo apamwamba carboxylic, kale anapanga triacylglycerols ndi lipids ena. Komano, insulin kumabwezera mmbuyo minofu lipase, kuphatikizapo chifukwa chopinga kwa msasa mapangidwe. Osakwanira mapangidwe insulin mu thupi limodzi ndi kuchuluka kunyoza amino zidulo, amene mapeto kudzikundikira ammonia ndi urea m'magazi. Gwiritsani lipolysis, zikubweretsa kudzikundikira magazi zidulo ufulu mafuta, matupi ketone ndi mafuta.

Mahomoni a kapamba: glucagon. Mipherezero Glucagon ndi maselo chiwindi, adipose minofu ndi minofu, koma ndicho chiwindi, amene adamulowetsa mchikakamizo glucagon phosphorylase, womwe imayendetsa ndi hydrolysis wa glycogen. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa glycogen mu chiwindi amachepetsa ndipo ukuwonjezeka mu shuga magazi. Komanso, glucagon timapitiriza gluconeogenesis, akuziyambitsa lipolysis wa adipose minofu ndipo motero kumathandiza chitukuko cha kunenepa. Izi limodzi ndi mapangidwe yambiri acetyl-CoA ndi ketone matupi. Amachepetsa glucagon katulutsidwe mu hyperglycemia ndi kumawonjezera ndi nkhawa komanso khama.

Mahomoni a kapamba: somatostatin. Incretion igibiruet yogwira timadzi insulin ndi glucagon, gastrin ndi kusankha gastrinstimuliruyuschuyu katulutsidwe wa acid amathiridwa. Kupondelezedwa kwa incretion wa insulin, glucagon, ndi somatostatin chimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga. matenda yodziwika ndi kufooka ambiri, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria (tsiku kuchuluka kwa ukuwonjezeka mkodzo ndi nthawi 3-5), pali matenda ashuga mathithi, corneal Kuwonekera ankalembedwa.

Mahomoni a kapamba: lipokain ndi vagotonin. Lipokain - timadzi ngati mankhwala amene kumathandiza mafuta m'chiwindi, izo kumapangitsa munthu makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mafuta, zidulo mafuta ndi kubwereketsa awo chiwindi kuti zimakhala ndi kumalimbikitsa biosynthesis wa phospholipids. Vagotonin kumapangitsa ntchito za mantha dongosolo parasympathetic, makamaka mitsempha vagus, akuziyambitsa njira hematopoiesis.