Perchloric asidi - katundu, Kupanga ndi ntchito. CHENJEZO

Perchloric asidi (HClO4 chilinganizo) - ndi monobasic asidi anhydrous. Lili chlorine (cl) m'chigawo makutidwe ndi okosijeni apamwamba, chifukwa ichi, ndi oxidizer wamphamvu. Zachiwawa.

Katundu asidi perchloric

1. Iyi ndi madzi oyaka popanda mtundu, ambiri utsi mlengalenga, monomer awiriawiri. Kusakhazikika ndiponso reactionary kwambiri. Kuti izi khalidwe avtodegidratatsiya asidi:

3HClO4 = H3O + (cation) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (chlorine monoxide)

2. mankhwala mosavuta sungunuka solvents chlorinated ndi organofluorine monga CH2Cl2 (methylene mankhwala enaake), CHCl3 (chloroform), ndipo ena. Ndi wothira solvents zina ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kuchepetsa katundu, osasamalira akuchitira zikhoza inaphulika kapena moto.

3. Ndi bwino wothira madzi (H2O) mu kufanana kulikonse. Ndipamene hydrates angapo. njira loyesayesa asidi izi kwangochepetsako pang'ono wochuluka kugwirizana. Izi amadzimadzi asidi Njira bata wabwino ndi otsika mphamvu oxidizing. Ndi madzi tiganizire chinthu imapanga azeotrope zomwe kutentha madigiri 203 zithupsa ndiponso lili 72 peresenti ya HClO4.

4. Perchloric asidi (HClO4 chilinganizo) ndi umodzi wa pa zidulo wamphamvu. Chifukwa cha ichi, mu malo ake acidic ena mankhwala zinthu ngati zapansi.

5. yafupika kuthamanga ndi wofatsa Kutentha chisakanizo cha asidi perchloric ndi phosphoric anhydride anapanga colorless wochuluka madzi - chlorine woipa:

2HClO4 (asidi perchloric) + P4O10 (phosphoric anhydride) = Cl2O7 (chlorine woipa) + H2P4O11

Njira lokonzekera

1. njira amadzimadzi wothandizila uyu angathe kukonzekera m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni electrochemical la chlorine kapena acid amathiridwa mu acid amathiridwa wambiri, ndipo chachiwiri - mu kuwonongeka awiri a sodium wochuluka perchlorate kapena potaziyamu zochita kupanga zidulo amphamvu.

2. anhydrous asidi perchloric akhoza zopezera m'njira ziwiri, nayenso. Woyamba imakhala yomweyo perchlorate potaziyamu (K) kapena ndi sodium (Na) acid sulfuric mu mawonekedwe wambiri, ndipo chachiwiri - mu mogwirizana ndi oleum ndi amadzimadzi njira ya asidi perchloric:

KClO4 (amadzimadzi njira asidi perchloric) + H2SO4 (asidi sulfuric) = KHSO4 (potaziyamu hydrogensulfate) + HClO4 (asidi perchloric)

Ntchito asidi perchloric

- njira kuikapo maganizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza perchlorates (salt zidulo), ndipo mu umagwirira mawunikidwe;

- asidi perchloric ntchito kuwonongeka kwa ores monga chothandizira ndi mu kusanthula mchere;

- potaziyamu perchlorate (chilinganizo: KClO4), mchere asidi ichi, ntchito kulenga mabomba, ndi magnesium perchlorate (anhydrone, mg (ClO4) 2) ntchito monga desiccant lapansi.

Safety kuntchito

Perchloric asidi, anhydrous sangathe yaitali kusungidwa natengedwa, monga pa zinthu muyezo ndi mofulumira oipa ndiponso mwina patapita zokha amaphulika.

Other chlorine munali asidi zochita kupanga:

1. amathiridwa asidi (chilinganizo: HCl) - monobasic asidi, zikuwononga, fuming mpweya madzi. Ntchito electroforming (pickling, etching) ndi hydrometallurgy, kukonza zitsulo pa tinning ndi soldering, kutulutsa mankhwala enaake manganese, nthaka, chitsulo ndi zitsulo zina. thunthu mu makampani chakudya m'kaundula monga chakudya zowonjezera E507.

2. Hypochlorous asidi (chilinganizo: HClO) - ofooka kwambiri monobasic acid. Iye angakhoze kokha kulibe mu njira. Kuigwiritsa ntchito pa ukhondo komanso oyeretsa nsalu ndi zamkati.

3. chlorous asidi (HClO2) - sing'anga amphamvu monobasic acid. Ndi osakhazikika mu maonekedwe ake free, kawirikawiri adzitsitsa mofulumira mu kuchepetsa amadzimadzi njira. The anhydride asidi ichi osadziwika.

4. chloric asidi (HClO3) - monobasic amphamvu acid. Simudalandira mu ufulu mawonekedwe, monga chiphwanya mu njira kulimbikira. Mu njira amadzimadzi kuli pa ndende ya poyerekeza 30 peresenti. khola ndithu pa otsika kutentha.