Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Turgenev. Ntchito za Turgenev

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev anabadwa mu banja chabwino 1818. Izo ziyenera adanena kuti chilengedwe udasonkhana onse akuluakulu Russian olemba za m'ma 19. M'nkhaniyi tiona pa moyo ndi ntchito ya Turgenev.

makolo

Alimiwa makolo womdziwa Ivan. Mu 1815 Spassky ku mnyamata wokongola Guardsman Sergei Turgenev. Varvara Petrovna (mayi wolembayo), anapanga mumaona. Malinga ndi pafupi ndi m'nthawi chilengedwe, Barbara anandiuza kuti ndiwoloke bwenzi Sergei, amene anapanga kupereka ofunda, ndipo iye anavomera. Nthawi zambiri zinali ukwati wa mayiko. Turgenev a otchuka ndipo inali nkhondo ngwazi, ndi Varvara Petrovna anali ndi mwayi waukulu.

Relations mu banja kumene anayambitsa anali silikuyenda bwino. Sergei analibe ngakhale kuyesa kukangana ndi mbuye mwayekha limati awo onse. nyumba ali ndi kupatuka kwambiri ndipo sadzachitanso adaletsa ndi mkwiyo mangawawo. Chinthu chokha anavomera akazi - pofuna ana awo maphunziro abwinoko. Ndipo pa izi iwo zayesetsa kapena ndalama.

Kusamukira ku Moscow

N'chifukwa chake banja anasamukira ku Moscow mu 1927. Ngakhale olemekezeka olemera kutumiza ana awo ku sukulu yaboma. Wamng'ono Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev anatumizidwa ku sukulu yogonera pa Institute Chiameniya, ndi miyezi ingapo anasamukira ku Veydengammersky bolodi. Patapita zaka ziwiri iye anachotsedwa kumeneko, ndipo makolo sanali akuyesetsa kwambiri kukonza mwana bungwe lililonse. Kukonzekera yunivesite, wolemba tsogolo anapitiriza kunyumba ndi anamkungwi payekha.

kuphunzira

Adalowa yunivesite ya Moscow, Ivan ankaphunzira kumeneko chaka. Mu 1834 anasamukira ndi m'bale wake ndi bambo St. Petersburg ndipo umasamutsidwa ku sukulu ina. The Turgenev wamng'ono maphunziro patapita zaka ziwiri. Koma m'tsogolo nthawi zonse zambiri kutchula University of Moscow, kum'patsa makonda kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti St. Petersburg Institute ankadziwika kuti akathandizidwe ake kuyeza ophunzira ndi boma. Mu Moscow, panalibe akulodnoleza zimenezi, ndipo ufulu kukoma ophunzira nakhuta kwambiri.

Ntchito yoyamba

Tikhoza kunena kuti ntchito ya Turgenev, anayamba ndi masiku yunivesite. Ngakhale Ivan Sergeyevich sanali kuganiza za zatsopano mabuku a nthawi. ataganizira 40s chiyambi cha ntchito yake kulemba. Choncho, ambiri ntchito zake maphunziro bwino kwa ife ndipo sanampeza wopha munthu. Ngati tingayerekezere kuti Turgenev udzafunidwa wojambula, iye anachita chinthu chabwino: zitsanzo zilipo za ntchito zake nthawi za gulu la maphunziro zolembalemba. Chidwi akhale yekha kwa olemba mbiri ya mabuku amene akufuna kumvetsa mmene kuyamba ntchito ya Turgenev, ndi momwe tililimu talente yake zolembalemba.

amakopeka ndi nzeru

Mu 30s m'ma ndi mochedwa, Ivan Sergeyevich analemba kwambiri kuti mukhale kulemba luso. Pa imodzi mwa ntchito zake analandira review kuweruza Belinsky. chochitika ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa ntchito ya Turgenev, mwachidule anafotokoza m'nkhani ino. Ndipotu, izo sizinali kuti chabe wotsutsa kwambiri kudzudzulidwa zolakwa wosadziwa kukoma "wobiriwira" wolemba. Ivan Sergeyevich anasintha maganizo ake osati luso, koma pa moyo weniweniwo. Mwa kungophunzira ndi kusanthula anaganiza kuphunzira chenicheni guises zake zonse. Choncho, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zolembalemba, Turgenev anachita chidwi nzeru za anthu, moti kwambiri kuti ganizo la professorship mu dipatimenti ya yunivesite ina iliyonse. Chilakolako kukokera munda wa chidziwitso cham'pangitsa wachitatu pa nkhani ya yunivesite - Berlin. Ndi intervals yaitali, ndipo anakhala kumeneko zaka ziwiri ndipo bwino kuphunzira ntchito za Hegel ndi Feuerbach.

Bwino loyamba

Mu zaka 1838-1842 wa zilandiridwenso Turgenev sanali amasiyana ntchito ya chimphepo. Iye analemba pang'ono, ndipo makamaka monga nyimbo. Iye lofalitsidwa ndakatulo chiyani kukopa aliyense chidwi cha anthu otsutsa kapena owerenga. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Ivan Sergeyevich anaganiza nthawi yochuluka pa Mitundu monga masewero ndi ndakatulo. Bwino choyamba mu munda anabwera kwa iye April 1843, pamene iye lofalitsidwa "chisanu kumene-wagwa." Patatha mwezi umodzi mu "Mfundo za Lathu" chifukwa review ake laudatory Belinsky linasindikizidwa.

Ndipotu, ndakatulo iyi si pachiyambi. Ogwira zinali kokha chifukwa cha timakumbukira Belinsky. Ndipo ambiri ndemanga kuti si kwambiri za ndakatulo, monga talente imodzi ya Turgenev. Koma Belinsky anali lamanja, monga anaona wolemba wamng'ono kwambiri luso kulemba.

Atawerenga mubwereze Ivan Sergeyevich, izo zinamupangitsa iye palibe chimwemwe, koma m'malo manyazi. Ichi chinali chifukwa kukayikira kulondola kwa kusankha ntchito yawo. Iwo kunyozedwa wolemba kuyambira 40s oyambirira. Koma nkhani anamutsimikizira kukhonda kulera kapamwamba ntchito zawo. Kuyambira pamenepo, ntchito ya Turgenev, mwachidule anafotokoza mu pulogalamuyi sukulu, analandira nzothandiza zina ndi akwira pa phiri. Ivan Sergeyevich udindo kwa otsutsa, owerenga, ndipo koposa zonse, okha. Choncho anayesetsa kusintha kulemba luso.

mmangeni

Mu 1852 Gogol anafa. chochitika kwambiri miyoyo ndi ntchito ya Turgenev. Ndipo izo siziri mu zochitika maganizo. Ivan S. analemba pa nthawi ya nkhani "chamoto". Petersburg Committee kufufuza yoletsedwa izo, akuitana Gogol a "lackey" wolemba. Ndiye Ivan S. anaika nkhani ku Moscow, kumene khama la anzake linasindikizidwa. Pomwepo anasankha munthu kufufuza, imene analengeza Turgenev ndi anzake amachititsa kuti boma la chisokonezo. Ivan Sergeyevich analandira miyezi m'ndende, kenako kupita ku dziko lakwawo moyang'aniridwa. Aliyense ankadziwa kuti nkhani akhali kwene chonamizira, koma kuti anadza kuchokera pamwamba. Mwa njira, pa "atamasulidwa," wolemba analowa makope wina wa nkhani zabwino. Iye anakongoletsa lolembedwa pa chikuto cha bukulo, "Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev" Bezhin dambo. "

Pambuyo ufulu, wolemba anatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo ku mudzi wa Spassky. Kweneko Iye akhala pafupifupi theka la chaka. Poyamba, palibe kuuzira iye: ngakhale kusaka kapena zilandiridwenso. Iye analemba pang'ono kwambiri. Mu makalata amenewa masiku Ivan Sergeyevich zikachuluka madandaulo kusungulumwa ndi kupempha kanthawi pang'ono kubwera kudzamuona. Iye anafunsa abale luso ndi kumuona, chifukwa ndinkaona kufunika amphamvu kulankhula. Koma panali zinthu zabwino. Pamene tebulo kuchuluka kwa zinthu Turgenev, pa nthawi imeneyo wolemba pakati lingaliro la kulemba "abambo ndi ana." Tiyeni tikambirane za ntchito imeneyi mwaluso.

"Abambo ndi Ana"

Chitulutsireni mu 1862, buku unachititsa mkangano waukulu kwambiri imene owerenga ambiri ikutchedwa Turgenev reactionary. kutsutsana Izi mantha wolemba. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti sanathenso kupeza kumvana ndi owerenga wamng'ono. Ndipo kwenikweni analembera mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yovuta anakumana zilandiridwenso Turgenev. "Abambo ndi Ana" anali chifukwa. Monga ntchito oyambirira kulemba, Ivan Sergeyevich adakayika ntchito yake.

Panthawi imeneyi analemba buku "mizukwa" imene mwangwiro amapereka maganizo ake ndi kukaika. Turgenev ankanena kuti ndingaliro zolembalemba ndi wopanda mphamvu pamaso zinsinsi za chikumbumtima anthu. Ndipo nkhaniyo "Wokongola" ambiri amakayikira kuchulukana kwa ntchito za munthu kuti athandize anthu. Kuganiza inali Ivan Sergeyevich salinso amasamala bwino anthu, ndipo iye akuganiza za kutha kwa ntchito wolembayo. Sinthani malingaliro anu Turgenev anathandiza ntchito ya Pushkin. Ivan Sergeyevich kuwerenga mfundo maganizo wamkulu ndakatulo onena za anthu: "Si nthawi zonse, ambiri amaganiza, ndi umamumvera mumaganiza mafashoni. Koma ndakatulo zoona nthawi zonse kulankhula kwa omvera anu, adampatsa iye zochitika. ntchito yake - chilakolako wabwino mwa iye ".

Pomaliza

Takambiranazi moyo ndi ntchito Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Russia wasintha kwambiri. Zonse zimene wolemba wakhala anasonyeza ntchito zake mu Pachithunzipa, mbasiya mu kutali kale. Kulibenso ambiri Manor wotchuka pa tsamba la ntchito za mlembi. Ndipo mutu wa landlords oipa ndi anthu otchuka siichitanso ndi exigencies chikhalidwe. Ndipo m'mudzi Russian ndi chosiyana tsopano.

Komabe, tsogolo la ngwazi za nthawi kuti apitirize chidwi owerenga zamakono chidwi. Iwo likukhalira kuti zonse amadedwa Ivan Sergeyevich, ndi nkhanza kwa ife. Ndipo zimene ndinamuona bwino zimenezi, ndi mfundo zathu view. Ndithudi, ife sitingakhoze kugwirizana ndi wolemba, koma nkomwe aliyense anganene ndi chakuti ntchito ya Turgenev ali kunja kwa nthawi.