"The Gulag Archipelago" - ntchito wachisavundi wa Solzhenitsyn

Nkhani 58 ya Wachifwamba Code ambiri zimamvera malamulo a RSFSR moyo owonongedwa. Osachepera miliyoni anayi akayidi andale mu Stalin nyengo anakumana ndi mtundu wa zozunzirako - gulags. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ambiri a iwo sanali ankachita zinthu potsimikizira-chosintha. Komabe, ngakhale ankaona zazing'ono "zolakwa" monga kuwunika zoipa wandale aliyense.

Wolemba Alexander Solzhenitsyn anali mmodzi wa iwo amene adakomana ndi nkhanza makumi asanu ndi chitatu nkhani. Kuti mlandu "kauntala" anamuuza makalata anatumiza kutsogolo kwa anzanu ndi achibale. Iwo kaŵirikaŵiri akumapezeka uphimbika podzudzula Stalin, amene Ampere amatchedwa "tillage". Mwachibadwa, kuti kufufuza makalata amenewa sakanakhoza kuphonya. Komanso kwambiri amawaganizira. Soviet counterintelligence anamangidwa ndi freethinker. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anataya udindo wa mkulu, kwa zaka 8 yakalavula gaga popanda woyenera kubwerera ku ukapolo. Ndipo Iye anaganiza kuti atsegule mbali ya dongosolo Stalinist chilango, kulemba bukhu wosafa "The Gulag Archipelago." Tidzakhala tanthauzo la dzina lake, ndipo kodi zili.

The Gulag Archipelago - dongosolo kuti interconnects zikwi mabungwe Soviet chilango. Kwambiri, koma malinga ndi malipoti ena, ambiri mwa akaidi izi Chilango chilombo chachikulu - akayidi andale. Monga Solzhenitsyn analemba kuti ambiri a iwo ali pa siteji ya kumangidwa wokondedwa loto chabe kuti iwowa adzakhala mosamala, ndipo milandu iwo adzakhala waponya. Ndipo sbytochnoy zithunzi ngati iwo anakhulupirira movutikira, yagwa kale mu malo osati kutali. "Kumangidwa Political anali odziwika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti anthu osalakwa unatengedwa sangathe kukana," - anati Solzhenitsyn. Mlembi amafotokoza zina mitsinje yaikulu akaidi: ndi dispossession a wovulalayo (1929-1930) amene ankadwala kupondereza mu 1937, komanso anthu amene ali mu ukapolo German (1944-1946). The Gulag Archipelago bwino akutsegula zipata zake kuti alimi wolemera, ansembe ndi onse okhulupirika anthu, luntha, aphunzitsi. About Stalin makina Chilango cha chilungamo chokha akuti kuli chabe mapulani kwa chiwerengero cha akaidi (zomwe nthawi zambiri anafotokoza chiwerengero chonse). Iwo, ndithudi, "NKVD" mwakhama overfulfilled.

wozunzikirapo

A mbali yaikulu ya buku Solzhenitsyn ndi khama funso ili: chifukwa chiyani anamangidwa pafupifupi nthawi zonse walemba "priznanki", ngakhale zolakwa zawo kunalibe mu zaka loopsali? Yankho kwenikweni sasiya wowerenga osayanjanitsika. wolemba limatchula mtengo woipa mtima imene ankagwiritsa ntchito mu "matupi." Lembani amazipanga lonse - kuchokera chikhulupiriro kumodzi kuyankhulana kwa kuvulala kwa kumaliseche. Mukhoza amatchulanso kusagona mokwanira kwa masiku angapo, akugogoda kunja mano, kuzunzidwa ndi moto ... Mlembi, kudziwa akamanena za makina Stalin infernal akufunsa owerenga kuti musaweruze anthu amene sangathe kunyamula wozunzikirapo, anagwirizana ndi zonse mlandu. Koma panali chinachake pohlesche kudziletsa incrimination. Moyo wake wonse adzazunzidwa manyazi, amene sakanakhoza kupirira, kunyozedwa anzawo zabwino kapena achibale. Pa nthawi yomweyo padali wolimbika kwambiri munthu, amene sanali lowani chilichonse.

The mphamvu ya "NKVD"

Kukwanilitsa akuluakulu zambiri anali weniweni careerists. Ziwerengero "upandu kudziwika" anawalonjeza tithe latsopano apamwamba malipiro. Ntchito mphamvu zake, akuluakulu chitetezo zambiri amalola kukatenga nyumba imene mumaikonda akazi vending. mphamvu chitetezo ogwira "mosavuta kuyeretsa mwa njira ya adani awo. Koma iwo akhala nawo masewera oopsa. Palibe mmodzi wa iwo sipanatenge chitetezo ku mlandu woukira boma, zonyoza zimayenda, espionage. Pofotokoza dongosolo, Solzhenitsyn akulakalaka ichi, khoti chilungamo.

Moyo m'ndende

Mlembi wa "The Gulag Archipelago" anamuuza za vicissitudes onse a m'ndende. Mukachipinda kukhala mdani. Koma akaidi mwamsanga aphunzira kusiyanitsa anthu oterowo. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chozemba okhala zipinda. Onse akaidi zakudya - phala, wakuda mkate ndi kuwira madzi. La zosangalatsa ndi zokondweretsa wamng'ono anali Chess, kuyenda, kuwerenga mabuku. Buku Solzhenitsyn a "The Gulag Archipelago" limasonyeza kuti owerenga makhalidwe siyana akaidi - pa "kulaks" kuti "zigawenga". Komanso imafotokoza ubale cellmates, nthawi zina zovuta.

Komabe, osati pa za moyo m'ndende, analemba Solzhenitsyn. "The Gulag Archipelago" - kumakhalanso ntchito limene limafotokoza za mbiri ya lamulo RSFSR. wolemba zonse poyerekeza dongosolo ndi mwana wa chilungamo Soviet, ndi chilungamo, pamene kunali chimanga chosakhwima (1917-1918); ndi anyamata (1919-1921) ndipo ndi munthu wachikulire pamene panja kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane chidwi.