Arkhangelsk, kukhala m'dera: history, zakale, zisudzo

The Russian chuma cha m'ma XVII kutukuka kwambiri. Ndiye, mu doko la Arkhangelsk chidaliro anali malonda yachilendo. Anthu oposa theka la ankayendetsa malonda yachilendo anapangidwa izo. Mzindawu unali "nkhope" a dziko kumayiko Western European. The nyumba yolemekezeka ndi pamakoma wapamwamba zofunika Arkhangelsk.

Gostiny Dvor mzinda wakumpoto osati osangalatsa ndi omasuka amalonda ena ndi Russian, komanso ndi ntchito yake yoteteza. Mu nthawi yathu, iwo anazindikira zipilala wapadera Russian mwala mamangidwe a m'zaka XVII.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu 1667 Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich inaika lamulo kulangiza kuyamba kumanga pa malo pafupifupi 9 mahekitala nyumba mwala odzitukumula mu Arkhangelsk. Zojambula mapulani zovuta munamutcha Alangizi PG Marselis ndi B. Scharf.

Masiku amenewo, mzinda anamanganso matabwa, amakhala yofuna m'moto. The moto n'kuwononga nambala yaikulu nyumba ndi makoma, choncho anaganiza - kumanga mwala Gostiny Dvor. Arkhangelsk, mbiri wolemera, nyumbayi inali zovuta malonda linamangidwa linga ndi awiri alendo zovuta: Russian ndi German.

Square ndi yaikulu m'dera pakati anapanga Russian ndi German pabwalo. zovuta ali okonzeka ndi zinthu za mtengo wa chitetezo. Chifukwa, mayadi, chikugwirizana ndi makoma, nsanja ndi nyumba zina, unazunguliridwa ndi moats, unasinthika kukhala wamphamvu mwala linga la mzindawo.

Yomanga linga chachikulu inatenga zaka 16 (1668-1684 gg.). Mu 1693 Peter ndinafika ku Arkhangelsk. Kukhala mzinda pabwalo, anawona ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba, anamutengera ku Mikwatulo. apitirira akuyamba mu XVIII atumwi, pamene ntchito yachilendo zachuma lidzasendera kuti St. Petersburg. North kugula likulu sanali pa anthu, amayamba kutha.

Kubwezeretsa Gostiny Dvor

Mu 1770, pambuyo kuzindikira maofesi mwadzidzidzi, anayamba ntchito yokonzanso ake mwamsanga. Kuwonjezeka malo Russian obisika ankaiphwasula, njerwa ndi laimu slabs anatumiza kubwezeretsedwa. German bwalo ndi mwala mzinda wa malinga pafupifupi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Mabwinja a obisika German analipo mpaka m'ma XX. Pa atumwi awo ankaiphwasula.

Mu zaka 70 XVIII m'ma wapakamwa yomanga akaganizira tingachipeze powerenga mawonekedwe, mmene a zomangamanga a m'nthawi imeneyo. Mu 1788, pa maziko latsopano wauka likulu-storey ndi turret ndi wochenjera wapakamwa. Mu chipinda katundu kukonza mipando, zopangidwa ndi dongosolo lapadera, akonzekeretse fireplaces. Mu nyengo ya navigation pa turret ndi uku akukupiza mbendera ndi nyali yoyaka.

M'malo Stone Town inamangidwa malo mu apansi 2 kutalika kwa vinyo ndi mchere. Mwa zipinda zodyera namanga nsanja. The ntchito yomanga wa katswiri wa zomangamanga awo anayamba M. Berezin. Iye ankafuna kuti angagwirizanitse ku North Tower nyumba zofanana. Koma zikusowa ndalama komanso kusowa zipangizo anakankha wamanga kuti suspend yomanga. Only mu 1809, Movutikira ife anakwanitsa kumanga pansi loyamba malo mchere popanda nsanja.

Pakutayika zovuta choyambirira makoma wandiweyani, Arkhangelsk Gostiny Dvor analandira, koma osati mu Baibulo pachiyambi. Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, mzinda anataya mbali yaikulu ya bwalo Russian. Kuyambira unakhalabe yekha kumadzulo kwa nyumba akukumana padoko ya kumpoto Dvina.

Ngakhale izi, mapulani zovuta ndi nyumba bwino anasunga: Russian Gostiny Dvor, nsanja kumbali yakumpoto, katundu kuwombola, shofom ndi malo mchere, yomwe ili pakati pa mzinda pafupi padoko, ndinayang'ana otchuka.

Gostiny Dvor pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pakutayika tanthauzo lake lankhondo, zovuta reorganized nzika mu zifuno za mtendere. Chimayenda bungwe mzinda, bwalo, miyambo. Anatsegula masitolo malo ake. Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ndi zapansi wa malo mchere ankachitiramo m'misasa mpweya kunkhondo. m'deralo wobisa iwo kuchokera airstrikes.

Komanso pa nkhondo mu zovuta nyumba kupereka malawi kwa White Nyanja flotilla ndi aya likulu. Ntchito za unit asilikali anali kuonetsetsa kugwirizana kwa Arctic ndi Nyanja Kara.

Museum mu Gostiny Dvor

Kuchokera mu 1981, chipilala mbiri afika cholowa m'nyumbayi mzinda. Gostiny Dvor (Arkhangelsk), molondola kwambiri, madera awo wotsalayo, anayamba pang'onopang'ono kubwezeretsa. Dongosolo kubwezeretsa m'gulu kubwezeretsa Russian bwalo, nsanja ndi nyumba kumbali yakumpoto, malo mchere. Pambuyo pa mapeto a ntchito kubwezeretsedwa mu 2010, chidule cha zazikulu mapulani gulu loyimba wabweza Arkhangelsk. Gostiny Dvor tsopano - ndi chikhalidwe, sayansi ndi maphunziro m'kati mwa mzinda.

zipinda zake analenga kusonyezedwa chidwi, amene amanena za manda a chikhalidwe zakuthupi ndi zauzimu za Gawo kumpoto. anasonyeza okhazikika zisudzo angapo mu nyumbayi: a chikhalidwe zinachitika cholowa cha Pomerania ndi kumpoto Russian obisika. zipinda ziwiri anabweretsa chionetsero wodzipereka kwa MV Lomonosov. Uli zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho za kunyumba ka wasayansi ndi luso Russia, lachiwiri adzaika zasayansi.

Zocitika za m'dera mbiri owonetsera zakale

Alendo ambiri umatsegula zitseko Gostiny Dvor (Arkhangelsk). Zisudzo kutsatira wina ndi mzake mitu yosiyanasiyana. M'madera ozungulira wa gulu loyimba mapulani ndi zipinda za maulendo a motsogozedwa, amene tcheru anthu achikulire ndi ana. Afotokozereni zokhudza cholowa chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale derali, ikuchitika sayansi zothandiza msonkhano.

Alendo mukuitanidwa zoimbaimba wa jazi ndi nyimbo zachikhalidwe. Bungwe quests zosangalatsa, bungwe zikondwerero wowerengeka, madzulo themed, mipira cadet, zokambirana ndi zochitika zina. M'nyumbayi kugwira mipikisano. A malo apadera zapatsidwa kwa Mpikisanowo "Matalente Young". mamembala ake ali ndi luso amisiri chinkhoswe paluso wowerengeka ndi zamanja.