"Watsopano": mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ndakatuloyi

Mu ntchito ya Russian ndakatulo ndi novelist WANGA Lermontov ndakatulo monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi, komanso mutu wa Caucasus wakhala wotanganidwa ndi malo apadera. "Watsopano" - ntchito zolembedwa ali okhwima ndi kutchula zinachitikira zabwino za wolemba wa chikondi, osati kukuwa chikhalidwe otchuka pakati pa mapiri ndi analengedwa m'chifanizo cha ngwazi indomitable ndi ufulu kukoma.

Amakhumudwa mbiri ya ndakatuloyi "Mtsyri" Lermontov nthawi zonse chidwi mwa owerenga. The kwambiri chifukwa kumathandiza kumvetsa chiwembu cha zolinga ndi kukhudzidwa makhalidwe a wolemba. Kumlingo zikhoza kuganiziridwa anabvomereza njira ngwazi za maganizo ndi ziyembekezo tomivshih ndakatulo mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa Russia.

Kodi lingaliro la "The novice" ndakatulo

Mbiri ya chilengedwe akulimba mnyamatayu Lermontov. Pa zaka ziwiri, iye anasiya cholemba, amene ananena kuti akufuna kudzipereka mmodzi wa chilengedwe chake anzawo tomivshemusya mu obisika a (kuti anali kugwirizana ndi ndende ndakatulo) ndi maloto ufulu. Lermontov yekha analemba kuti zovuta kwambiri kwa iye pa nthawi imeneyo kunali kusankha zolinga. Pamene iwo anali zovuta kumvetsa kwathunthu mokhudza chikhalidwe cha mwini, ntchito analephera. Zonse kunapezeka kulemba (ichi ndakatulo 30 "kuvomereza" ndi "Boyar Orsha"), si zimene ndoto za mnyamata.

Mbiri ya "watsopano" wa ndakatulo Lermontov: A Kuwerengera

Hero novice anali zokhudzana zithunzi ntchito kale a ndakatulo iyi. ndakatulo "Confession" linalembedwa mu 1830. maziko ake anali wamng'ono Msipanishi monologue wa kudzipatula amene ali mu obisika-m'ndende. The ngwazi, amene anali chilango cha imfa, Sadandaula za tsoka lake. M'malo mwake, iye kupanduka ndi malamulo opondereza ndi kufunitsitsa nkhondo chikondi cha munthu. Pa maloto ake zosachitika ndi zolinga anauza mmonke akale - ichi kale anaganiza chiwembu maziko "watsopano."

Patapita kanthawi, mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "The novice" nkhani afika chitukuko. Cha m'ma 30s Lermontov analemba wina ndakatulo - "Boyar Orsha". kanthu zimachitika mu zaka lowopsya la ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo. Nkhani ya protagonist Arseniy mwachindunji likumveka tsogolo la Msipanishi, ndi ena mizere ulaliki moto pafupifupi mwathunthu mobwerezabwereza. Ndakatulo latsopano, nkhani amakhala ovuta kwambiri ndipo kumaphatikizapo losavuta nkhani yachikondi neschatnoy kapolo ndi mwana wa m'banja lachifumu mfulu. Kenako, mfundo zikuluzikulu za ntchito izi (by njira, Lermontov iwo konse lofalitsidwa) adzapeza mawu mu nkhani ya watsopano, kuti amatilola kulankhula za ubale wawo mwachindunji.

Choncho, anatenga zaka lingaliro la unyamata WANGA Lermontov zopezeka wotchuka chikondi nkhani ndakatulo. Kotero nkhani ya chilengedwe "The novice" kwa zaka zingapo ntchito ya wolemba.

Woyendayenda pa Chijojiya usilikali Highway

The kutsogolera lotsatira kukhazikitsa wakonzedwa ndakatulo anali kugwirizana choyamba. Mu 1837, Mu Lermontov, awa ndi malo a "ukaidi" anadutsa mmodzi wa amonke Caucasus mu Mtskheta (wotchedwa mu masiku akale, likulu la Georgia). Apa ndipo padali msonkhano ndi mmonke okalamba tsopano ndi njira ndipo anafotokoza nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa "The watsopano." Lermontov, malinga P. Viskovatov, pambuyo pokambirana, ankaganiza za maloto ake akale.

Kwirirani (otchedwa Chijojiya mtumiki obisika) idapereka chisoni moyo wake. Padangokhala, ngakhale zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mnyamata, iye anatengedwera mkaidi ndipo anabweretsa onse Russian (malinga Lermontov - Yermolov) m'dera lino. Mmodzi wa novices ya agulupa Javari anachita chisoni kuti mwanayo ndi kumanzere kunyumba. Mkaidi poyamba anayesa zionetsero, ngakhale anayamba kuthawa, pafupifupi inatha mu imfa yake. Komabe, pa nthawi iyo anatsanzika kwathunthu kuti tsoka wake ndipo anakhalabe muyaya moyo mwa ansembe. Ndi nkhani ouziridwa ndi Lermontov kulemba mbiri yatsopano ufulu kukoma ndi ngwazi opanduka. Choncho tsogolo la akale Kwirirani ndi mbiri ya "watsopano" ndakatulo anayamba.

Ntchito mankhwala

Pochokera Caucasus, wolemba ndakatulo anabwerera ku dongosolo lake lakale ndipo organically ogwirizana ndi kumva nkhani. Wild ndi wokongola Caucasus chikhalidwe, kapena m'malo oyandikana Javari ansembe yotchedwa, lili confluence awiri amphamvu mitsinje Kura ndi Aragvi, ndi bwino woyenera maziko (a khalidwe la ndakatulo chikondi) kwa zochitika kudzakwaniritsa. Anakumbukira ndi mankhwala Chijojiya folklore (Mwachitsanzo, nthano ya nyalugwe zakutchire), anamva Lermontov ku malowa m'mbuyomo ku Caucasus. Iwo inagunda kwambiri pa watsopano khalidwe. Mbiri ya ndakatulo, kotero koposa womangidwa mbali bwino wa moyo mu Caucasus ndi zidindo munthu unatsala pa maulendo ambiri ku malo amenewa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, posakhalitsa lemba anabadwa chikondi ndakatulo: pamanja ake anasunga chilemba cha wolemba adzakhala atachitiridwa pa tsiku la akamaliza: August 5, 1839. Ndipo chaka chamawa ntchito inafalitsidwa mu magulu ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi.

kumasulidwa

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ndakatulo "Mtsyri" zikuphatikizapo Aksakov za m'mene, mu May 1840 wolemba ndakatulo panokha kuwerenga mutu wakuti "Nkhondo ndi nyalugwe" mu kubadwa wolembayo chipani, NV Gogol. Wolemba mwiniyo sanali kupezeka pa chipani, koma analankhula ndi alendo kale kumeneko. Malinga ndi iye, latsopano "mwana" Lermontov anali moni mtima komanso kukunenerani kuyankha mumangidwa.

kukumbukira zina kudziwana ndi ndakatulo anachoka AN Nyerere. Iye analemba kuti 1839 anapita Tsarskoye Selo, komwe pa nthawiyo kunali ndakatulo. Tsiku lina madzulo anapita Lermontov, amene anali mu mkhalidwe osangalala, kuliwerenga kuyambira pa chiyambi mpaka kumaliza latsopano "wolemekezeka" ndakatulo wotchedwa "The watsopano."

Mapangidwe zapansi chiwembu

Processing kumva nkhani ndi yolumikizana ndi maganizo lingaliro mankhwala - alinso mbiri ya "The watsopano." Lermontov osati msanga ndi dzina. Asilikali a ndakatulo wotchedwa "Berry". Pamene ntchito ndi embodiments kulenga kapangidwe ntchito chamutu anasintha. Mawu "Berry" mu yomasulira njira Russian "mmonke". Koma ngwazi Lermontov silinafikebe anapambana mwambo wa tonsure, kotero si abwino dzina "The watsopano." Komanso, Chijojiya, mawu uyu anali tanthauzo - mlendo, munthu yekha popanda achibale ndi mabwenzi. Mwathunthu limafotokoza mbali yaikulu ndakatuloyi.

Kuitana mokhudza moyo

Tsogolo pa mkulu wa Javari, analankhula ndi ndakatulo iyi, ndipo anyamatawo ku ndakatuloyi apanga mosiyana - zinali kwenikweni njira mlembi. Choyamba anatula pansi kwa tsoka lake, nakhala obisika mpaka kukalamba. A cholakalaka wachiwiri mwa njira iliyonse yaulere. Pofunafuna ake si mantha motsutsana zosadziwika, koma izi kumuyandikira dziko la chilengedwe. Ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wopanda chifukwa novice lapansi.

Mbiri ya ndakatulo kumaphatikizapo kusintha chimodzimodzi moyo wa mkaidi wamng'ono - chifaniziro cha munthu wokalamba ndi mzimu wofunitsitsa ngwazi, amene anabadwa mu Caucasus.

Chifukwa novice afa

ndakatulo zomvetsa chisoni mapeto. Watsopano, wofunitsitsa kupeza mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe amafa. Mu malamulo a ngwazi Achikondi wapeza mgwirizano ndi mwina akukhala naye kwa zaka zingapo ndipo mukufuna bwino Chimonko, kapena ndi zinthu zachilengedwe za chilengedwe. Novice choyamba wokhala mu mzimu. Yotsirizira akanagonjetsa maphunziro kumene kumakhala Amonke la ngwazi za.

Cilamulo lingaliro "watsopano", nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa ndakatuloyi zikusonyeza mzimu wopanduka a ndakatulo iyi, smothered mu soulless mlengalenga chimene chinayambira ku Russia mu 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Ndi maloto ake a "chilengedwe chachikulu" kuti amafuna kulimbana ndi wokonzeka kupita mu pofuna kuthetsa.