Wolemba Robert Stevenson yonena ntchito

Robert Stevenson - mmodzi wa alembi wotchuka, amene amaona mlembi wa buku - buku "Chuma Island" ntchito zachikondi ndi achinyamata. Ngakhale izi, Stevenson anali munthu maganizo, koma buku lake odziwika bwino kwenikweni chozama kupitirira zingaoneke.

Potengera chikhalidwe cha dziko pa wolemba tsogolo

Scot ndi kubadwila analeredwa ndi Scotland Scotland mzimu dziko - izi ndi mikhalidwe imene molondola pofotokoza munthu ngati Robert Louis Stevenson. Wambiri ya wolemba chikutsimikizira kuti Scottish chikhalidwe ndi mbiri anali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa mapangidwe Stevenson munthu. Wolemba tsogolo anabadwa mu Edinburgh - chikhalidwe ndi ndale likulu la Scotland.

Makolo mbali ya atate wolemba anali alimi, millers, wamaluwa, komanso agogo ake ankagwira ntchito yokonza wotchuka, amene anali kugwira nawo ntchito yomanga ya milatho lighthouses ndi breakwaters. Stevenson anapitiriza kuthana agogo, atate wake ndi abale.

Kudzera mwa mayi wa wolemba m'tsogolo, iye anali ndi chikhalidwe wakale ndi odziwika a Balfour, amene anafanana mabanja mfulu ya malire ndi gawo lathyathyathya la Scotland.

mbiri banja, pedigree ake, mizu - izi ndi zimene ndinali ndi chidwi kwambiri Robert Stevenson. Wambiri limasonyeza kuti, kulikonse kumene iye anali, iye nthaŵi zonse Scot woona. Ngakhale Polynesia, kumene kutentha konse akutsikira m'munsimu madigiri 40, kunyumba kwawo, anamanga lililonse Scottish moto.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Robert Louis Stevenson anali mwana yekhayo m'banja. Ndili mwana, anadwala matenda aakulu, chomwe pambuyo ndi mphamvu pa iye mpaka mapeto a masiku. Louis zambiri malungo, iye nthawi zonse kutsokomola, iye sanapeze mpweya okwanira. biographies zonse zodyerana amasonyeza TB kapena kwambiri mavuto bronchial. Ululu, pallor, kufooka ndi kuchepa thupi - izi ndi zinthu zimene zamoyo zonse anavutika ndi Robert Stevenson. Photo ndi mlembi bwino zikutsimikizira izi.

ubwana wake ndi achinyamata zolembalemba anati nthawi wosatha malungo, kupweteka ndi tulo. mnyamata imatumizidwa ku sukulu mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, koma chifukwa boma la kafukufuku chake sichinali bwino. Lewis m'malo ndi masukulu angapo, aphunzitsi payekha, pamene iye anaphunzira ku sukulu yapamwamba kwa ana a makolo odziwika ndi olemera - Edinburgh Academy. Kumvera bambo ake anaganiza kupitiriza bizinesi ndipo analowa University of Edinburgh, kumene anaphunzitsidwa zomangamanga, makamaka yomanga lighthouses.

Chidwi mabuku

Engineering ndiponso kumanga lighthouses - izi ndi zinthu zimene amafuna Robert Louis Stevenson. Wambiri akusonyeza kuti iye mofunitsitsa chinkhoswe mu gawo othandiza kuphunzira, yemwe anachitika pa malo yomanga. Pulogalamu ilinso ndi kutsitsa mu suti pa nyanja, kumene kunali kotheka kufufuza mtunda m'madzi ndi miyala ntchito ngati maziko a ntchito yomanga nyumba ya.

Patapita nthawi, Lewis yofunsira nawo mpikisano pa Royal Scottish Society of Sciences, kumene anapereka ndakatulo wake "A mtundu watsopano wa zikuthwanima kuwala lighthouses" limene adalandira Mendulo siliva. Mu masabata awiri kucheza lalikulu ndi bambo ake Stevenson anati akufuna kusiya zomangamanga. Atate anali ndi mabuku, choncho anaganiza kuti mwana adzakhala wazamalamulo. Chotero zosinthika Louis anakonza. Choyamba, malamulo ntchito utakhala anamupatsa nthawi zambiri free, ndipo kachiwiri, countryman wotchuka Stevenson, Valter Skott, anali wazamalamulo, sizinamulepheretse kenako kukhala wolemba wotchuka. Lewis Mwapambana mayeso onse ndipo analandira udindo loya, koma izo zinali chabe kutsimikizira kwa chakuti iye wolemba.

Chiyambi cha ntchito zolembalemba

Mlembi Choyamba Robert Stephenson analengeza yekha pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pa bambo ake zikutanthauza buku laling'ono "Pentland kugalukira unayambitsidwa. Page nkhani mu 1666 ". Apa wolemba wamng'ono anafotokoza mazana awiri chaka chimodzi wamba kugalukira ku Scotland. Ntchito imeneyi sankadziwika, koma kale panali chidwi wolemba kuonekera mu mbiri ya mtunduwo, komanso amafunitsitsa kukhala ndi zolinga ndi zolondola.

Woyamba ntchito yaikulu inali buku ndi Roberta Stivensona "Njira". dzina ikuimira kwambiri chifukwa, ngakhale kuti Stevenson anali wodwala ndi ofooka, zopsa ake ofunika ndi maganizo anakakamizika iye kuyenda kwambiri.

ulendo oyamba

Mu 1876, Stevenson ndi anzake anayenda paboti pamodzi ndi mitsinje ndi ngalande za France ndi Belgium. The kokafikira anali Paris, koma abwenzi anakhala m'midzi Riverside, wolemera mu mbiri. Ulendo kunathandiza yaikulu Stevenson. Kunyumba, nthawi yomweyo anayamba ntchito pa ikulongosola za ulendo wake, umene pambuyo pake inasanduka ntchito ya "Ulendo kuti mkati mwa dziko", ndipo andithandiza pa ntchito pambuyo pake.

Mlembi ananena yekha oyendayenda ndondomeko, zosiyanasiyana zoseketsa komanso zopondereza zimene zinachitika pa ulendo, limafotokoza anthu, khalidwe lawo ndi ulemu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo umachita zimenezo mofulumira ndi unobtrusively, kulola owerenga kupanga maganizo ake pa chilichonse. Inali nthawi ulendo uno, Robert Stevenson anakumana Fanny Osborne, amene anadzakhala Fanny Stevenson.

Fanny

Ndi Frances Matilda Osborne Lewis ankasonkhana a m'midzi French pa nthawi imene iye anali kukonda kujambula zithunzi. Pafupifupi biographers onse kuti msonkhano uwu chinali chikondi pa kuwonana koyamba. Fanny anali zaka khumi akulu kuposa Lewis, anakwatira woluza, anali ana awiri ndipo anali kufunafuna payekha pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana wake wamng'ono. Iwo adalonga kwambiri, kugawana zinthu, ndi pambuyo kuswedwa zonse wolingana.

Patapita zaka zingapo, mu 1879, Robert Stevenson kalata kuchokera Fanny, zili zimene zatsalira osadziwika kuti mbiri. Mwina iye anali kuyankhula za matenda ake aakulu. Lewis chikhalidwe pa nthawi yovuta: yaitali matenda, mavuto a zachuma, kukangana ndi bambo ake, malinga ndi abwenzi, amene ananena kuti Fanny anakwatira mkazi. Zonsezi sanaleke Lewis. Iye msanga anachira ndipo ankati America, kumene pa nthawiyo ankakhala Fanny. Ulendowu unali wautali ndi zovuta.

Atafika ku America, adamuka yaitali anthu obwera sitima kuchoka ku New York ku San Francisco. Koma Fanny kulibe, anasamukira ku Monterrey. Lewis anapita ulendo wotsatira. Iye anapita limodzi pa mahatchi. Mu njira chikhalidwe chake sakuyenda kwambiri ndipo anakomoka. Ine anamupeza mlenje m'dera zimbalangondo, amene nasamalidwa Lewis anakhalabe pafupi moyo ndi imfa kwa masiku angapo. Pokhala mphamvu phindu Stevenson akadali anafika Fanny.

Ngakhale onse, mu 1880, Stevenson anakwatira Fanny Osbourne n'kubwerera kwawo ndi mkazi wake, ana ake ndi kudziŵa zambiri, zinachitikira ndi zinachitikira moyo. Fanny ndi ana ake limodzi Stevenson pamaulendo ake ndipo anali naye mpaka masiku ake otsiriza.

mtundu Traveler mu ntchito ya Stevenson

ulendo amatenga mbali yaikulu pa ntchito za mlembi. nkhaniyi sanali latsopano mu mabuku, koma olemba ena aona ngwazi-wapaulendo si njira kuoneka ndi Robert Stevenson. Mlembi ntchito pofotokoza wapaulendo amene amachita n'kosathandiza ndi wolowerera. chapaulendo ichi ankakonda wojambula kapena wolemba. Iye salowa phindu, waives mphoto kapena maudindo ena.

Travel essays Stevenson anayamba conventionally. Oyendayenda akufotokozedwa ngati nezi ang'ono ndi yosavuta, imene limasonyeza idiocy wa munthu nzika. Kenako mfundo imeneyi ntchito yake ntchito ndi olemba ena odziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo K. Jerome.

Zinachitikira apindulira pa ulendo woyamba ndi wotsatira, motsogoleredwa ntchito mabuku a wolemba, kuphatikizapo ntchito yake wotchuka - buku "Chuma Island".

"Chuma Island"

"Chuma Island" Mosakayika buku wotchuka Roberta Lyuisa Stevenson. Komabe ntchito yosatha linasindikizidwa mu magazini ana wotchuka pansi pseudonym, koma sanali kubweretsa kutchuka. Komanso, mayankho olakwika ndipo ngakhale anakwiya zambiri ankabwera ku ofesi mkonzi. Bukuli ndi dzina lenileni la mlembi wa buku anatuluka chaka chotsatira. nthawi iyi buku wopambana kwambiri.

Ngakhale buku ali chiwembu mwachilungamo yosavuta chiwembu monga buku lililonse ulendo, lili mphindi voteji. Chithunzi chonse cha wolemba amalenga si nkhani ya zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ambiri a mtundu Nkhani. Stevenson amapanga ntchito kwambiri dialogues, zomwe zimachititsa nkhani yogwira mwamphamvu tione.

Ngakhale kuti buku la akuti ndi achinyamata ndipo chikondi, zachokera nkhani zikuluzikulu ndi mitu. Makamaka, tikulankhula za vuto la kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe, zokumana wauzimu ndi za nkhondo pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa.

"Wotembereredwa Janet"

Chidwi chake mu moyo ndi mzimu wa munthu, Robert Louis Stevenson ophatikizapo ntchito "Wotembereredwa Janet. Mu nkhani imeneyi, wolemba anaganiza kuphatikiza weniweni ndi wosangalatsa, ndipo Akunenanso chakuti kwakhala mtengo - miyambo Scottish ndipo amajambulapo maluwa okongola. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala a ochepa, ndi wolemba tatikulu anakwanitsa kusonyeza moyo wa munthu, mantha ake ndi nkhawa.

Chifukwa peculiarities wa nkhani kupanga wolemba anatha kukhala kotero kuti zonse weniweni nkhani zikuoneka wosangalatsa, koma onse wosangalatsa - weniweni. Pankhaniyi, nkhani yokha n'zomveka ndithu ndi yoona. vuto wakhala zokumana nazo zina maganizo chidwi wolemba, iye amakhala kuulula zina, makamaka nkhani wotchuka "The chachirendo Mlanduwu wa Dr Jekyll ndi Mr Hyde".

"Chachirendo Mlanduwu wa Dr Jekyll ndi Mr Hyde"

The kutsogolera kulemba buku anali womdziwa Stevenson ndi Dostoevsky a buku "Chilango", omwe anali kuperekedwa m'njira yatsopano vuto la makhalidwe aumunthu ndi chikhalidwe. ngwazi za nkhani - wanzeru, aulemu, olemekezeka Dr. Jekyll - chifukwa cha kafukufuku analephera amang'amba makhalidwe ake ndi kulola kuwala kwa yonyansa ndi zoipa amapasa Mr Hyde.

Stevenson wakweza nkhani ya cholinga cha moyo, vuto la ufulu, kusankha, kulangiza mkati ndi lightness. Nkhani linalembedwa mu mawonekedwe amene si kuyembekezera Stevenson, ndipo anamupangitsa kusangalala ambiri.

Buku "Mwini Ballantrae"

ntchito imeneyi Lewis ndi imodzi mwa mdima, koma izi ndi pamene Stevenson anafika pamwamba pa luso lawo. Izo mu buku limeneli, iye ophatikizana awiri a mitu zofunika kwambiri za ntchito yake: ya nkhondo pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa ndi pempho mwambo Scottish ndi mbiri. Mu buku la Iye anafotokoza abale awiri, amene m'nkhaniyi ndi momveka bwino ophatikizapo mavuto amenewa. Mizu ya mavuto awa wolemba anali kuyesera kupeza kwambiri, kuyambira khalidwe la dziko kutsiriza ndi Puritanism a dziko.

Robert Stevenson - woyambitsa wapadera ndi kutchuka chifukwa osati ntchito zawo, komanso mbiri yake. Owerenga amakopeka umphumphu wa khalidwe lake, kulimba mtima, ndi sewero la tsoka.