Apollo Belvedere - chizindikiro cha luso la Hellas wakale

Mwamwayi, mpaka pano, pakhala pali zolakwika zomwe zinali zojambula zakale za Chigiriki. Ngakhale Apollo Belvedere, amene akatswiri ambiri olemba mbiri yakale amalingalira kuti ndiwo ndiwo wakale wa chikhalidwe chakale, anasungidwa kokha m'kabuku ka Marble. Chinthuchi ndi chakuti pachiyambi cha Chikristu, panthaŵi ya zochitika zachiwawa, komanso m'zaka zoyambirira za ku Middle Ages , mafano onse a mkuwa a akale achigiriki akale anali atakhululukidwa molakwika. Palibe m'masiku amdimawo omwe ankaganiza kuti azisamalira chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Zithunzi za miyala ya marble za milungu yamakedzana komanso amatsenga anthanthi amathanso kugwa kuchokera kumitsinje yawo, ndipo mwala wolemekezeka womwe anapangidwa unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcha laimu. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Alexander Wamkulu, woyimba khoti lake anali Leohar. Apollo Belvedersky amaonedwa kuti ndi wojambulajambula ndi kope lenileni la mbuye wamkuwa wa mbuye uyu. Maluwa a chidziwitso cha Leohar, woyimira maphunziro a maphunziro a sukulu yachigiriki yakumapeto, adagwa zaka 350-320 BC. E. Panthawi yomweyi, chifaniziro cha Apollo Belvedere chilinso, chomwe chinapatsa ochita kafukufuku mpata woyika maganizo okhudzana ndi kulembedwa kwa Leohar. Tsopano, pambuyo pa zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zisanu, nkovuta kuthetsa choonadi moona mtima.

Chifanizo cha Apollo Belvedere chinapezedwa pa nthawi ya Renaissance (m'zaka za m'ma 1500), pokhala ndi Kadinali Giuliano della Rovere ku Anzio, yemwe adakwera kumpando wauzimu ndi kulandira dongosolo la papa, adalamula kuti chilengedwechi chikhazikitsidwe pamalo olemekezeka pa Nyumba ya Vatokan ku Belvedere Palace. Kotero dzina la kujambula. Malo awa ndi otchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti panthawiyo kunali ngale zambiri zabwino za mapepala apamwamba a zojambula zamakono. Apollo Belvedere pafupi ndi Laocoon, chiwombankhanga cha Hercules, Anasiya Ariadne ndi zolengedwa zina zolemekezeka za ambuye aluso a m'mbuyomo.

Kufuna kudziwa ndi kusinthika kwa maonekedwe a zojambula za Leohar (mwinamwake) m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, asayansi ndi olemba mbiri. Kwa nthawi yaitali Apollo Belvedere ankayesedwa kukhala mbambande yamtengo wapatali, nsonga, apotheosis ndi mapeto a luso lakalekale. Anagwirizanitsidwa mofanana kuti anali wokongola kwambiri. Ndipo, monga momwe ziliri nthawi zambiri, matamando odzitukumula kwambiri ndi olemekezeka adalowetsedwa ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Kupitiriza kuphunzira za kulengedwa kwa ambuye osiyanasiyana akale kunapitiliza ndipo zionetsero zambiri za chikhalidwe cha miyambo yakale zinkawonekera, zomwe zinaletsedwa kukhala Apollo Belvedere.

Olemba mbiri ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale mwadzidzidzi anayamba kupeza zinthu zamakono komanso zamakono. Ndipo ena adazindikiranso kunyalanyaza kwakukulu, ma pathos ndi zolakwika zamakono. Pakalipano, ntchitoyi ikhoza kutchulidwa bwino pamasamba apamwamba a pulasitiki, kukongola kwa mizere ndi kuthawa kwa maganizo a wolemba. Chiwerengero ndi masitepe a Apollo akuphatikiza mphamvu ndi chisomo, mphamvu zopanda mphamvu ndi mpweya wabwino. Poyenda mopanda mphamvu padziko lapansi, akuoneka kuti ali pandege. Ndipo kayendetsedwe kake ka mtsogoleri uyu wa muses, mozizwitsa amene amalemba ndi wolemba mu chiwerengero chozizira kwambiri, sagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi, koma ngati kuwala kwa dzuŵa kukusiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Pochita zimenezi, amajambula mumtengo wozizira wamtengo wapatali kapena wamkuwa, wojambulayo sankayenera kukhala ndi luso lokhalitsa, koma amakhalanso ndi nzeru zenizeni. Komabe, ziyenera kuzindikira kuti mu Apollo Belvedere pali zoonekeratu zowerengera za ndondomeko iyi ya woganizira. Chithunzichi chimapempha mwamsanga kukongola kwake ndi kukongola kwa zinthu. Ndipo zitsanzo zopambana za luso lachikale lachikale silinganene zoyenera zawo pagulu. Iwo ndi okongola, osati okongoletsedwa. Choncho Apollo Belvedere amabisa zinsinsi zambiri za chiyambi chake ndipo amapanga mafunso ambiri kuposa mayankho.

Mosakayikitsa, chinthu chimodzi chokha: chojambula ichi ndi, mwina, chitsanzo chofunika kwambiri cha luso lakalekale. Ndipo ndithudi ndi chimodzi mwa zodabwitsa kwambiri.