Zojambulajambula zojambulajambula: zojambula, ojambula, zojambula

Chiyambi cha zojambulazo zojambulajambula kaŵirikaŵiri chimatchulidwa kuti ndi theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19. Kuwonekera kwa chikhalidwe chatsopano mujambula kunayanjanitsidwa ndi chidwi chowonjezeka osati cha ojambula okha, koma a anthu a ku Russia omwe amaphunzitsidwa mwachidule, ku chiyambi cha dziko lathu loyambirira.

Chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana, pakati pa magulu angapo a intelligentsia, mikangano yamphamvu inayamba ponena za kukula kwa dziko lathu. Ena adanena kuti boma ndilo la mayiko a ku Ulaya ndipo liri ndi njira yodziwika ndi chitukuko. Ena, mosiyana, amakhulupirira kuti Russia iyenera kutsatira njira yake yapaderadera yodzikuza, yomwe inkafunidwa mu zitsanzo za mbiri yakale.

Chiyambi cha mtunduwo

Kukambirana kotereku kunali kosavuta kokha chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ndi ndale, komanso mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe. Ndondomeko-epic genre inapezeka, ngati ndikananena choncho, pamaganizo a mafilosofi omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, idakhala chikhalidwe chachilengedwe cha chitukuko cha sayansi yamakono ya ku Russia, momwe mitu ya mbiri yakale inkagwiritsira ntchito malo amodzi. M'zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi 1900, akatswiri ambiri ojambula zithunzi anajambula zithunzi za mbiri yakale ya ku Russia pa zolemba zawo, zomwe zinalimbikitsa chidwi cha nkhani za anthu a ku Russia, zilembo zamakedzana. Ndipotu nkhani zambiri zachi Russia zimakhudzidwa ndi zokondana kwambiri, zomwe zimawachititsa chidwi.

Zolemba za zolemba

Zosangalatsa zapakati pazaka za m'ma 1900 zinakhala chimodzi mwazochita zamakono. Utsogoleri watsopanowu unali ndi makhalidwe ake enieni. Choyamba, zithunzi zambiri zinali zokongola komanso zofotokozera. Ngati mukukumbukira ntchito zotchuka kwambiri mumtundu uwu, zimadabwa ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mithunzi. Izi zimafotokozedwa ndi chikhumbo cha ojambula kuti apange mafano apulasitiki ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakoka chidwi cha anthu kwa iwo.

Chachiwiri, chochititsa chidwi kwambiricho chinali chosiyana ndi kukula kwake. Izi ndi chifukwa cha nkhani za nkhani. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ojambula, monga lamulo, anasankha chinthu chojambula zithunzi zawo zamasewero kuchokera m'mbuyomo mwa dzikolo ndipo nthawi zambiri amaimirira pazochitika zowopsya, zomwe zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi malingaliro awo. Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi "Amuna atatu" amadziwika ndi zovuta zachilendo komanso zachikhalidwe. Zimapangidwa ndi miyambo yakale ya Chirasha ndi zilembo zamakono, kulemekeza zochitika za otsutsa dziko la Russia.

Zithunzi

Mtundu wochititsa chidwi woterewu uli ndi maonekedwe omwe olemba omwe amagwira ntchitoyi amasankha zithunzi zowoneka bwino komanso nkhani zina zomwe zinawonetsa masamba otchuka kwambiri m'mbuyomu, komanso zimatulutsa mzimu wa nthawi yakale. Chithunzi chofala kwambiri pazithunzi za njirayi ndi msilikali, wankhondo, woteteza dziko la Russia. Mwachitsanzo, zojambulazo "The Knight at the Crossroads" zimakhala zofanana ndi zikhalidwe zakale ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimasonyeza momwe wolembayo ankaganizira nthawi yakale ya Rus Rus. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chithunzichi chimatchulidwa m'nkhani zosiyana siyana: chithunzichi chikuwonetsedwa pazenera, zomwe zimasankha njira yake, kuwerenga zolembedwa pa mwalawo. Kuphatikizidwa kwa fairytale, epic ndi zochitika zakale zinali zodabwitsa kuti zogwirizana pachithunzichi. Mfundo imeneyi ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri kwa Vasnetsov, yemwe amapanga zojambulajambula.

Zithunzi zamakono zojambulajambula zinatenga chimodzi mwa malo otsogolera mujambula. Chithunzi china chomwe iye amadziwika ndi chake ndizozimayi. Odziwika kwambiri anali otchuka a fairytale heroines, mwachitsanzo, Vasilisa Wanzeru kapena Swan Princess. Zithunzi zachikazizi ndizozidziwika kwambiri m'nthano, choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti olembawo ankagwiritsa ntchito maulendo awo nthawi zambiri.

Chithunzi china ndi wolemba nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa zithunzi zojambula kwambiri za Vasnetsov ndi "Bayan", yomwe imasonyeza munthu woimba nyimbo wakale wa ku Russia, akuwuza nthano yakale kwa asilikali. Mwamunthu, anali msilikali uyu yemwe anakhala mutu wa fanolo. Kuwonekera kwa fano lake kukuwululidwa kwambiri mwakuya kuti ojambulawo amadziwa kuti ndi chifukwa cha owuza ena kuti ma epics, nkhani ndi nthanozi zinatifikira ife.

Kulumikizana ndi nyimbo

Zojambulazo zojambula bwino kwambiri zakhala zikulimbikitsana chitukuko chifukwa chakuti nthawi yowerengedwera, anthu ambiri olemba nyimbo anayamba kutembenukira ku mabuku achikale achi Russia polemba zolembazo. Zoonadi, zolinga za nthano, epics ndi nthano zakale zinaliponso mu ntchito zawo. Kawirikawiri, ojambula amajambula malo oyenera, omwe amachititsa kuti maluwawo awonongeke. Monga chitsanzo cha ma opaleshoni a mtundu uwu, munthu akhoza kutchula nyimbo zoimba za Rimsky-Korsakov, omwe nthawi zambiri ankatembenukira ku nkhani za mbiri yakale, zamakutu komanso zamatsenga. Olemba ena adalimbikitsanso nkhanizi m'ntchito zawo (mwachitsanzo, Stravinsky). Ntchito zimenezi zinali zotchuka kwambiri kumadzulo, zomwe zinali zolimbikitsa kuti chitukukochi chikhale chitukuko komanso zojambula.

Zomwe zimadziwika

Zithunzi za fairytale-epic genre zimakhala malo olemekezeka osati m'mabuku angapo a zolemba zakale, komanso muzojambula zabwino kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito zapamwambazi, muyenera kutchula zotsalira zoperekedwa kwa anthu okhaokha kuchokera ku nkhani zakale zachi Russia. Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi "Ivan Tsarevich ndi Gray Wolf" pambali imeneyi ndi katswiri kwambiri. Zinthu zodabwitsa ndi zochitika zakale zinagwirizananso mu ntchito iyi ya wolemba mu mgwirizano woterewu, poyang'ana pa izo, n'zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa zokongola ndi zenizeni.

Chitsanzo china mwa mndandandawu ndi chithunzi cha wolemba wofanana wa Alyonushka. Zimadziwika kuti adalemba izi kuchokera kwa msungwana wamba wamba, zomwe zimapatsa tchati kuwala ndi kufotokozera. Zopindulitsa za ntchito ya malangizo awa ndi chakuti mwa iwo zochitika za nthano, epics ndi nthano zinali ndi maonekedwe okondweretsa ndi omveka bwino omwe nkhanizo zinalandira mbiri ya mbiri yakale ndipo zinawonedwa ngati mbali ya chikhalidwe chapita.

Oimira a

Ojambula a mtundu wamatsenga amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito yawo ndiwothandiza kwambiri osati kwa am'nyumba okha, komanso ku chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa Vasnetsov mu mzerewu ayenera kufotokozanso Bilibin. Anakhala wotchuka chifukwa cholemba zojambula pazithunzithunzi zapamwamba. Makamaka mafano ake ndi otchuka kwa "Tale ya Tsar Saltan" yotchuka ndi Pushkin. Ntchito zake zimasiyana mowala ndi mitundu yambiri ya maonekedwe, ndipo maonekedwe amawoneka ngati mafelemu ochokera ku zithunzi. Pachifukwa ichi, wolemba adapulumuka nthawi yake: zojambula zake zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mkhalidwe wopanga zojambula.

Vrubel inatembenuzidwanso ku nkhani zamatsenga. Wodziwika kuti anajambula "Swan Swan Princess", yolembedwa pambali ya nkhani yomweyi. Chojambula chajambulayi ndi choyambirira komanso chachindunji ndipo motero chosiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito za akale ake. Mitundu yake imakhala yovuta komanso yosamveka, mosiyana ndi zojambula bwino za Bilibin.

Tanthauzo la mtundu

Buku lopangidwa mochititsa chidwi (kalasi 7) limakhala malo odziwika bwino pa maphunziro a kusukulu. Kawirikawiri, ophunzira amaphunzitsidwa ntchito zazikulu motere. Ndipo amatha kusonyezedwa onse m'maphunziro a mbiriyakale komanso m'mabuku. Izi zimagwira ntchito mu mawonekedwe owonetsera kuti zisonyeze zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zojambula za ojambula ndi khalidwe lapadera la anthu a ku Russia. Nthawi zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito iwo, amaphunzira moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, zovala, nyumba, chikhalidwe cha nthawi zam'tsogolo. Kuonjezera apo, ana a sukuluyi akuwona bwino zithunzi zowala, choncho zojambula za pamwambazi ziyenera kufufuzidwa pazolembedwa za mabuku akale a Russian. Iyi inali sitepe yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwajambula kwa Russia, zomwe ziyenera kuwonedwa ngati nthawi yosiyana muzojambula zabwino.