Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy "Ndikumva chisoni"

Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoy adalowa m'nyumba yojambula monga wopanga masewero, reformer ndi popularizer.

Brief biography

Kramskoy anabadwa mu 1837 ku Ostrogozhsk, m'chigawo cha Voronezh, m'banja la alangizi.

Anamaliza maphunziro awo kuchokera ku sukulu mumzinda womwewo, anaphunzira kujambula ndikugwira ntchito monga wophunzira pa studio yopanga pepala, koma chaka chokha. Ali ndi zaka 16 anachoka mumzinda wake ndipo anayenda kwa zaka zitatu ku Russia, akudziŵa luso lojambula, watercolorist ndi retoucher ku Kharkov wojambula zithunzi.

Mu 1857, Kramskoy adalowa ku St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, popanda maphunziro apadera. Komabe, Academy sanathe kumaliza maphunziro ake, chifukwa adayambitsa "kupanduka kwa khumi ndi zinayi" ndipo, potsutsa zotsutsana ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zilipo, adawasiya ophunzira, akusokoneza maphunziro ake.

Mu 1863 iye anayamba kugwira ntchito mu Sosaiti kuti Athandizire Amatsenga monga mphunzitsi. Ndili patsogolo pa gulu la oyanjana, lomwe limapangidwa ndi Artel of Artists, ndiyeno ndi Association of Exhibitions.

I. Kramskoy: Makhalidwe a Chilengedwe

Mtundu waukulu umene ine I. Kramskoy ankagwiritsira ntchito chinali chithunzi chomwe nthawi zina chinkaima pambali pa mtundu wa banja. Wojambulayo ankachita chidwi ndi anthu ake monga munthu-nzika, ndi chuma ndi ulemu wa dziko lake la pansi, ndi malingaliro ake ndi zochitika zake, chiyembekezo ndi zikhumbo. Kramskoy anali katswiri wamaganizo.

Anadzipereka kuntchito yake ndipo adali ndi chikhumbo chofuna kujambula, mwakhama komanso mosaganizira bwino, Kramskoy anamwalira atatha kusambira, akugwira ntchito pachithunzi cha Dr. Raufhus. Anakhalako kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zokha, koma adasiya chuma chamtengo wapatali kwa mbadwa zake. Zambiri mwazomwe ambuyewa akuziikazo zimasungidwa m'mabuku a State Tretyakov Gallery.

Mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa nsalu yopambana kwambiri

Moyo wa banja wa Kramskoy unali woopsa. Mwamsanga, adataya ana awiri aang'ono. Chifukwa cha zochitika zowopsya za mnyamatayo, adalembanso chinsalu chachikulu. "Chisoni chosasunthika" cha Kramskoy, malingana ndi I. Repin, chinali "chenicheni chamoyo." Zomwe zimanena kuti muzochitika za khalidwe loyambirira ndizolembedwa za mkazi wa wolemba Sophia Nikolaevna.

Kwa "Chisoni Chosautsa" Kramskoy kwa nthawi yayitali anasankha njira yothandizira. Anakokera njira zingapo, koma anaima pa zosavuta komanso mwachidule. Kawirikawiri, ntchitoyi inatha zaka zinayi.

Tsamba la Kramskoy "Chisoni Chosautsa": kufotokoza

Zowonjezera zambiri zimatengedwa ndi chiwerengero cha mkazi wolira maliro ovala chovala cholira maliro, ali ndi mpango m'manja mwake, umene amaphimba pakamwa pake. Misozi siikhalanso, koma kuyang'ana kumakhala pamodzi. Chiwerengerocho chinkawoneka chisanu m'mafanizo ake. Pali chinachake chofanana ndi chithunzi cha amayi pa chinsalu cha Kramskoy ndi Chikumbutso cha Motherland, akulira ana ake.

Pamapazi a mkazi wamwazikana, ngati kuti atayikidwa ku chipilala, maluwa. Aliyense wa iwo sali maluwa - chizindikiro. Thupi lofiira limaimira chikondi chachikulu, chikondi chachikasu, zizindikiro za imfa muunyamata, koma nthawi yomweyo kubwezeretsedwa. Nkhanza zimasonyezeranso kuti n'zosatheka kuti misala ikhale yonyansa, yomwe, malinga ndi nthano, imatha kukhala ndi nthawi yambiri yamununkhira, komanso zowonongeka. Zomera zobiriwira zomwe zaphulika ndipo sizinawonongeke zikuimira moyo wamuyaya. Kupitiriza kufotokoza za chithunzi cha Kramskoy "Chisoni chosautsa", m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mkazi ali pafupi ndi bokosi la maluwa ndi nkhata, yokonzeka, mwachiwonekere, ku mwambo wamaliro. Mpanda wa mawonekedwe ozungulira umatanthawuzanso kwamuyaya ndi kusakhoza kufa. Ndipo maluwa okongola a pinki, oyera ndi ofiira amakongoletsedwa mkati mwake - chikondi, chiyero ndi chiyero, kusamalira mkazi wachikondi - pa nkhaniyi mayi.

Wachimwene wa heroine ali pakhomo losavuta, lomwe limatsindika kwambiri zomwe zikuchitika. Zimayima pamphepete mwa chithunzicho, pafupifupi kuchokapo mwa njira yopanda pake ndi mantha. Chosowa chakuda chomwecho chikudutsa kumbuyo kwa amayi - kumbuyo kuseri kwa nsalu. Chizindikiro cha kupanda pake, kwa mdima umene unadzaza mtima wa mkazi, masomphenya a tsogolo labwino - zokhazokha zakuda, zopweteka ndi kulakalaka masautso akumuyembekezera!

Kujambula kwa nsalu ya Kramskoy "Chisoni Chosaopsya", monga momwe amamvera, kumakhala kosauka. Mitundu ya bulauni ndi imvi yaying'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tsamba la Kramskoy "Chisoni Chosautsa" ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zodabwitsa kwambiri za mbuye.