Oles Honchar - Chiyukireniya Soviet wolemba

Pambuyo kugwa kwa anthu Soviet Union anayamba kuyang'ana mosiyana pa chikhalidwe chawo ndi mabuku, kuyesera kupeza ntchito zimene kuchokera pa nyengo ya Soviet anali mwaluso, ndi kuti mabodza chabe anali tokha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri olemba Soviet akhala chosalungama kuiwalika. Pakati pawo, mlembi wa mabuku wotchuka mu zaka zao za sikisite Oles Gonchar.

zaka zoyambirira

Malo amene wolemba Oles (Alexander Terent'evich) Gonchar mu 1918 ndi. Lomovke, Dnipropetrovsk dera. Pobadwa, anatenga dzina la Bilichenko.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mayi Tatiana wa - mnyamatayo anali wokalamba sadzachitanso zaka zitatu - chifukwa cha ubale zovuta ndi bambo ake ndi mkazi wake watsopano Frosya wamng'ono Sasha ndinapita kukakhala ndi agogo ake ndi agogo ake akuchikazi m'mudzi wa Suha, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri olakwa ankaona malo kubadwa kwake. Agogo pafupifupi m'malo awisi ndi amake, pamene anapereka mdzukulu wake ku sukulu, analemba kuti pansi dzina lake - Gonchar.

Pamene mnyamata atakula anapita ku sukulu, maphunziro ake ananyamula amalume ake Yakov Gavrilovich, amene anakhala mkulu wa fakitale m'deralo. Zikomo kuti udindo uwu, iye anali mipata yambiri muli mphwake kuposa ndi agogo. Choncho, pamodzi ndi mnyamata amalume banja kukakhala ndi. Khorishko. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa sukulu ina, iye anabwera mchikakamizo cha aphunzitsi chinenero Chiyukireniya ndi mabuku. Zinali uyamiko kwa Iye wolemba m'tsogolo chidwi mabuku, ndipo analandira dzina lakuti "Oles". chakuti aphunzitsi anali admirer wa Chiyukireniya ndakatulo Oleksandr Oles ndipo tinatengera kwa wophunzira wake. Patapita zaka zambiri, mu buku lake "The Cathedral", wolemba amalenga khalidwe lolembedwa ndi mphunzitsi amakonda.

Chifukwa kusuntha amalume Yakobo Alexander maphunziro zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri m'mudzi Breusovke. Nthawi imeneyi, akuyesetsa kulemba ndalama zawo ndi nkhani, chifukwa munthu uyu pambuyo maphunziro anapeza ntchito mu ofesi mkonzi wa nyuzipepala dera, ndipo pambuyo - mu dera. Limodzi ndi ntchito ya woumba anali utolankhani koleji mzinda wa Kharkiv. Nditamaliza maphunziro, Alexander anayamba kugwira ntchito monga mphunzitsi m'mudzi Manuylovke. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye akuyamba kufalitsa nkhani yake yoyamba mu Ukrane za "mpainiya", "zolembalemba boma yotchedwa Gazette", "Komsomolets Ukrainy" ndi ena.

Mu 1938, Oles Gonchar anayamba kuphunzira pa Kharkov University mphamvu ya Philology. Apo iye anapitirizabe kulemba nkhani lalifupi komanso mabuku, koma mwa kuphunzira chimwemwe sizinakhalitse. The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi Oles, zikusokoneza maphunziro ake, anadzipereka kutsogolo.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, Gonchar sanali mpaka ntchito mabuku, ngakhale nthawi zina analemba ndakatulo ndi manotsi, amene ntchito ina ku nkhani yake komanso mabuku za nkhondo, makamaka trilogy "Znamenonostsy".

Provoevav zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi ali mu ukapolo ndi mumapezera mendulo atatu kulimbamtima ndi Order ya Red Star lina mu 1945 wolemba anabwerera kwawo. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, bambo ake anamwalira, ndipo awiri theka abale, komanso abwenzi ena ambiri ndi anzawo. Komabe, wolemba anabwerera kutsogolo mu chidutswa chimodzi. Wake "mwayi", nthawi zonse anafotokoza kuti agogo ake, monga mkazi kwambiri achipembedzo ankapemphera kwa mdzukulu wawoyo. Woumbayo anabatizidwa monga mwana, ndipo amakhulupirira Mulungu, kupatula iye ndi ulemu waukulu kwa kachisi wakale ndipo anali mdani tchalitchi cha chiwonongeko kapena kusintha mu chipinda chodyeramo a. Kenako, iye amakhoza kukweza nkhaniyi mu buku wotchuka kwambiri, tsopano "Cathedral".

Chiyambi cha ntchito zolembalemba

Pochokera kunkhondo, Oles Gonchar anasamukira ku Kiev nalowa yunivesite m'deralo, akupitiriza kuphunzitsa ankafunika ndi nkhondo. Mu yomweyi, zochokera kukumbukira adakali mwatsopano ndi zolemba asilikali analemba ndi lofalitsidwa mabuku angapo, kenako zimatengera pa ntchito zikuluzikulu - kulemba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake buku za "Alps" (mbali yoyamba ya trilogy "Znamenonostsy") nkhondo, zimene linasindikizidwa mu 1946 mu umodzi magazini dziko zolembalemba. Kumasulidwa kwa woyamba Romana Gonchara anasintha moyo wake. Iye anapanga zounikira mabuku a nthawi kulabadira talente latsopano mabuku Russian. Choncho, anazindikira mwini Chiyukireniya Soviet mabuku Yuri Yanovsky kutamandidwa ntchito achinyamata wolemba ndipo anaganiza iye pansi pa phiko lake. Choncho, pambuyo bwino "Alps" Iye akutipempha Muumbi anasamukira ku Kiev ku sukulu maphunziro ndi kupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa mabuku atsopano.

Kuzindikila

Mu zaka ziwiri zotsatira Oles Gonchar limafalitsa wachiwiri ndi wachitatu mabuku mu mndandanda "Znamenonostsy": "The Blue Danube" ndi "Golden Prague", komanso musaiwale za prose yaing'ono. Trilogy "Znamenonostsy" wolemba kumabweretsa wotchuka kwambiri osati Chiyukireniya Soviet Socialist Republic, komanso m'dziko lonselo. Pakuti wolemba, vuto adzakhala awiri mphoto Stalin ndi kukhala bwino ndipo anazindikira, kusangalala ndi kuwerenga ndi anthu wamba ndi aluntha.

Komabe, kutchuka mwadzidzidzi wakhala si asokoneza Gonchar, ngakhale kutchuka, akupitiriza kulemba. Komabe, pambuyo trilogy, mlembiyu makamaka amatanthauza lalifupi zopeka ndipo limafalitsa nkhani za moyo wankhondo.

Mu makumi asanu, pambuyo buku Honchar "Tiyeni magetsi twinkle" anachotsa filimu "The Bakuman ndi nyumba" mu chaka chamawa pa limodzi la mabuku ake kuwombera wina kanema - "zigawenga mphanvu".

Mu nthawi yomweyo, Oles Gonchar dilogii ntchito pa zochitika kunachitika kumwera kwa Ukraine. umembala wake zikuphatikizapo Kunena "Tavria" ndi "periscope". Mwatsoka, iwo sanakhale monga otchuka monga "Znamenonostsy" ndi wolemba yochepa nkhani. Komabe, mabuku awa, wolemba amayamba pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ntchito ya usilikali, ndiponso chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani ya moyo wamtendere wa anthu wamba. Mwina chifukwa chakuti ankafuna kusintha mutu wa zilandiridwenso mndandanda filimu sanadza bwino monga mmene mabuku oyambirira. Ngakhale mayankho m'malo ozizira mu 1959 "Tavria" anali anajambula ndi yochokera m'buku la dzina chomwecho analengedwa ballets nyimbo ndi Vladimir Nakhabino.

Kuwonjezera ntchito mabuku a makumi asanu Wowumba ndi utolankhani chinkhoswe ndipo wayenda kwambiri padziko lonse. The apogee wa zaka khumi kwa iye kukhala osankhidwa wapampando wa Union of Writers a Ukraine, komanso mlembi wa Union of Soviet Writers.

The zaka zao za sikisite

Mu zaka khumi zotsatira Oles Gonchar tikunena munthu wamba ndi peculiarities ake. Mphamvu ya talente yake yopambana ya wolemba amayamikira mfundo ndi kulenga yowala, zithunzi achikondi kwa maziko a chizolowezi tsiku ndi tsiku za tsiku ndi tsiku. Choncho Muumbi mabuku mu nthawi iyi si zochepa bwino kuposa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu trilogy wake.

Mu 1960, wolemba mabuku buku "Man ndi zida", lomwe limasonyeza mbali watsopano wa talente imodzi ya wolemba. Kwa buku limeneli Woumba amakhala wopambana loyamba la Taras Shevchenko Republican Prize. Ngakhale izi zinali mwaluso ndi wofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya wolemba kunja kwa bwalo la Chiyukireniya osankhika zolembalemba, izo sizinali monga kuyamikilidwa otchuka monga ntchito zina Wowumba. Komabe, wolemba yekha mutu "Man ndi zida" anali pafupi kwambiri, chotero mwa zaka khumi iye adzabwerera kwa iye mu-kupitiriza buku "Chimphepo". Anthu a ntchito kwakukulukulu overlaps ndi ntchito ya mphunzitsi wake wolemba ankakonda Yuriya Yanovskogo.

Kwina kwakukulu Gonchar chilengedwe zaka zao za sikisite unakhala buku mu nkhani yochepa "Tronka". bwino anathandiza wolemba osati kachiwiri otchuka mu Soviet Union, komanso kuti tipambane Lenin Prize. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndalama zonse zimathera mphoto imeneyi, Oles mwaufulu anapereka kwa chitukuko cha malaibulale. Patapita zaka zingapo buku linapangidwa mu filimu.

Buku Olesya Gonchara "Cathedral" ndi milandu momuzungulira

Kachiwiri analawa bwino, wolemba anaganiza kuti alembe buku "The Cathedral".

Mu kudzuka kwa m'firiji pamtunda ndi rethinking amatsogoza, katemera kuyambira ubwana, wolemba anayesetsa kulemba za kwa nthawi yaitali iye chidwi mutu - wauzimu. Ngakhale ntchito yake bwino, Muumbi anavomereza kuti anali nthawizonse ndakhala munthu wachipembedzo, amene ndi ofunika komanso kulemekezedwa miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro Mkhristu. Nkhondo itatha, pamene wolemba ankakhala pafupi Dnepropetrovsk, misewu yake ndi Utatu Cathedral, zinamangidwa nthawi ya Cossacks njira yakale, popanda misomali. Kukhala osati chizindikiro wauzimu, koma ndi chipilala kamangidwe, tchalitchi ichi chinali chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu am'deralo lapansi. Ndipo pamene, chifukwa machenjerero wa makonsolo izo zikanakhala kumana mutu wa zowoneka mbiri ndi kumapitiriza, anthu otsutsa. nkhani amenewa anamufika wolemba ndipo analemba buku ili lofalitsidwa mu 1968 mu "Dziko Lathu" magazini. Owerenga ndi ofufuza anazindikira Chiyukireniya Soviet olemba anayamikira ntchito imeneyi. Koma mnzanu wapamtima Brezhnev, mlembi woyamba wa komiti dera Vatchenko, kuwerenga buku, akuganiza kuti waukulu zoipa khalidwe lake liwonerere kwa iye. Kotero, anagwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana ndi tiri chiletso buku zina za buku la, lamulo la kumasulira Chirasha, komanso yotchula mu atolankhani. Iwo sanali kuthandiza kapena kupembedzera wa zounikira zolembalemba, kapena kalata lotseguka ku nyuzipepala "Pravda".

Odzipereka chiletso "Cathedral" buku azungu wakhala ngati chothandizira, kuchititsa anthu ambiri kukamenyana ndi mabuku Ukraine Ulamuliro mu mabuku. Komanso milandu padziko buku limeneli, anatamanda wolemba kwa Union lonse Soviet. Pakali pano, bukuli wotchuka kwambiri analembedwa, ngakhale kuti si amphamvu kwambiri.

ntchito mochedwa

Ngakhale ululu ndi "Cathedral", Oles Gonchar sanafooke ndipo anapitiriza kulemba. Kuti ndi chimwemwe, mtima woipa wa akuluakulu bwanji yekha "mwana", wolemba anali unhurt. ntchito yake kenako anapitiriza kufalitsa mu zaka makumi awiri wakhala kuvala chophimba zitatu za ntchito zake. Pambuyo "Cathedral" Woumba analemba mabuku anayi, nkhani zingapo lalifupi, Chatuluka gulu lanyimbo lalifupi "The moto lakutali" ndi buku la ndakatulo wa zaka nkhondo, "Front-mzere ndime." Komanso, m'zaka zimenezi wolemba amakhala ophunzira mwakhama kayendedwe dissident ku Ukraine ndipo zikuchita ndi mavuto. Mu 1987 iye anayambitsa chilengedwe cha wolemba Chiyukireniya Cultural Foundation. Mu 1990, iye anasiya ntchito ku Party Communist.

Utatha Soviet Union salinso wolemba wachinyamata zimayesetsa zandale ndi chikhalidwe, kulemba - zochepa. M'zaka zimenezi, anafalitsa buku la essays, amene anafotokoza maganizo ake za tsogolo la kwawo - "Kodi ife moyo. Pa njira Chiyukireniya chitsitsimutso ".

Mu 1995 Olesya Gonchara anali atapita. patapita zaka zingapo chipilala Gonchar chinamasulidwa mu Kiev. Mu 2005 iye anali atamwalira kupereka mutu Hero wa Ukraine. Polemekeza wolemba wina wotchedwa misewu m'mizinda akuluakulu sikisi a Ukraine, paki wina, malaibulale anayi, yunivesite ndi masukulu angapo. Dzina Olesya Gonchara ndi mphatso zitatu zolembalemba, komanso boma anayi maphunziro maphunziro. Komanso, S. Youma, kumene kunachitika kumayambiriro ubwana wa wolemba, ndi kowonera zakale.

Oles Honchar - wolemba luntha kwambiri, anathandiza kuti mabuku Russian, Ukraine, Belarus ndi maiko ena alidi kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa kusintha mu moyo chikhalidwe ambiri ntchito zake salinso monga zogwirizana monga nthawi buku. Mulimonsemo, kuwerenga mabuku a wolemba izi si kuti ayanjane ndi moyo wa anthu wamba pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi nthawi nkhondoyo, komanso amangosangalala talente malire a wolemba.