Permittivity

wosanjikiza polarizability zinthu amakhala ndi mtengo wapadera wotchedwa dielectric permittivity. Taganizirani zimene mtundu wa mtengo.

Kuganiza kuti yunifolomu munda mwamphamvu awiriwa mbale mlandu zingalowe wofanana E₀. Tsopano lembani kusiyana kulikonse pakati dielectric lapansi. milandu magetsi, amene adzaoneka pa malire pakati pa dielectric ndi wochititsa chifukwa cha kugawanika zotsatira zake pang'ono zopanda mlandu pa zipangizo. Mphamvu ya kukula E munda kumakhala kosavuta E₀.

Chitsanzo chosonyeza kuti pamene kudzaza kusiyana motsatizana mbale dielectrics ofanana m'munda mwamphamvu zingasiyane. Chotero, podziwa ubale pakati pa mphamvu ya m'munda magetsi a mbale, pakalibe dielectric E₀ ndi E pamaso pa dielectric, ndi n'zotheka kudziwa polarizability, i.e. dielectric ake nthawi zonse. kuchuluka Izi kawirikawiri amaimira Chigiriki kalata ԑ (epsilon). Choncho tikhoza kulemba:

ԑ = E₀ / E.

Permittivity limasonyeza angati nthawi munda mphamvu ya deta mlandu mu insulator (homogeneous) kukhala osachepera mu vacuo.

Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa mlandu chifukwa cha njira ya kugawanika a sing'anga. M'munda magetsi, ma elekitironi mu maatomu ndi mamolekyulu ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi kulemekeza ayoni, ndipo pali munthu dipole mphindi. Ie mamolekyulu okhawo amene ali dipole mphindi (makamaka mamolekyulu madzi), ndi zochokera mu munda magetsi. mphindi izi kulenga awo munda magetsi kuti anatchula mmunda zomwe zinatipangitsa maonekedwe awo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, onse munda magetsi yafupika. M'minda yaing'ono zodabwitsazi anafotokozedwa ndi mfundo za zonse dielectric.

Pansipa ndi permittivity mu zingalowe zinthu:

Air ................................. 1,0006 ....

Paraffin .............................. .... 2

Plexiglas (Plexiglas) ...... 3-4

Ebonite ................................. .. ... 4

Zadothi ................................. .... 7

Galasi .............................. .. ...... .4-7

Mica ................................. .. ... .4-5

Silika ndi masoka ............ 4-5

Kufufuta .............................. 6-7

Amber .............................. ... ...... 12,8

Madzi .................................... ... ... .81

Izi mfundo zinthu permittivity amanena kuti kutentha mkati 18-20 ° C. Choncho, dielectric zonse zolimba zimasiyanasiyana pang'ono ndi kutentha, kuchotserapo ndi ferroelectrics.

M'malo mwake, iwo amachepetsa mpweya chifukwa kuwonjezeka kutentha ndi kuwonjezeka chifukwa kuthamanga kuwonjezeka. Zochita za dielectric zonse mpweya walandiridwa monga munthu.

Zosafunika zochepa kwenikweni pa mlingo wa madzi dielectric zonse.

Ngati awiri umasinthasintha mfundo milandu anaikidwa insulator ya m'munda mwamphamvu kwaiye lililonse mlandu pa poti mlandu wina amachepetsa nthawi ԑ. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti mphamvu zimene milandu izi kucheza ndi mzake, monga mwa nthawi ԑ zochepa. Choncho, malamulo Coulomb a pa milandu anaikidwa dielectric amaperekedwa ndi:

F = (q₁q₂) / (ԑₐr²).

mu mayunitsi SI :

F = (q₁q₂) / (4πԑₐr²)

kumene F - ndi mphamvu ya mogwirizana, q₁ ndi q₂, - kuchuluka kwa milandu ԑ - ndi permittivity mtheradi a sing'anga, anthu d - mtunda pakati pa milandu ina.

Ԑ mtengo n'zosangalatsa kumva akhoza kuwonetsedwa mayunitsi umasinthasintha (wachibale kufunika Mtheradi wa zingalowe permittivity ԑ₀). Mtengo ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ wotchedwa permittivity wachibale. Izo muli kangati zimachitika pakati pa milandu mu wopandamalire homogeneous sing'anga ndi yochepa kuposa zingalowe ndi; ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ zambiri amatchedwa zovuta dielectric zonse. Ԑ₀ mtengo n'zosangalatsa kumva, ndipo gawo ake amadalira mtundu wa mayunitsi amusankha; ndi mtengo ԑ - palokha. Choncho, dongosolo ԑ₀ esu = 1 (wachinayi waukulu wagawo); The SI zingalowe permittivity amalifotokoza:

ԑ₀ = 1 / (4π˖9˖10⁹) farad / mita = 8,85˖10⁻¹² f / mamita (m'dongosolo lino ԑ₀ mtengo otumphukira).