Zambiri categorical syllogism, ndi zitsanzo za ntchito zake kuchita milandu

Nzeru, monga mukudziwa, wapangidwa akuluakulu, ndi tanthauzo lake. Imodzi mwa nyumba yake midadada zofunika - ndi categorical syllogism - mfundo imeneyi, pachikhalidwe ndi deduction, ndiye mapeto a udindo wapadera wa ena onse. Iwo zichokela ku mfundo zikuluzikulu ziwiri kapena maphukusi inakula generic yaitali. Popeza nkhani zoterozo awiri yekha, syllogism amatchedwa ophweka, koma chifukwa chakuti maphukusi anawavomereza (kapena wosakana) m'malo m'gulu mawu osavuta kumva otchedwa categorical. Pano pali chitsanzo yosavuta zoterezi kumasulira. Mfundo yoyamba: 'Anthu onse ndi chivundi ". The Mtsutso wachiwiri: "Ivan - mwamuna." Pomaliza, ndi chiweruzo, kotero,: "Ivan - chivundi" Monga momwe taonera, molondola kapena molakwika maphukusi onse si pano. Ife mopepuka chakuti moyo wa munthu zonse zitatha, ndipo a mtundu wa anthu Ivan.

Chitsanzo cha mfundo imeneyi wodzichepetsa, tikuona kuti categorical syllogism yosavuta ali dongosolo yake. Mu mkhalidwe aliyense kumasulira (mawu ndi phindu CHOSADZIWIKA, kwa ife - okhalapo wachivundi) nthawizonse onse kuposa nkhani (Ivan). Choncho, maphukusi munali mkhalidwe amatchedwa lalikulu, koma monga phunziro - yaing'ono. Chimango mikangano imeneyi akuti m'khalapakati M (sing'anga) - mu nkhani iyi, anthu, munthu. Choncho, zotuluka mchitidwe kusanthula mfundo zomveka kuyamba ndi kupeza malo ndi mkhalidwe wa nkhaniyo, komanso pamaso pa nkhoswe pakati pawo.

Mu kusanthula izi, tisaiwale kuti categorical syllogism yosavuta ayenera muli ndi axiom kuti si anasonyeza, koma pali: chirichonse chimene wavomerezedwa kapena wosakana a mtundu wonse wa zinthu ntchito kuti wachina chilichonse cha mtundu uwu. Choncho, ngati akafunsiridwa mudzakhala olakwa: 1. Anthu makolo. 2. Peter - mwamuna. 3. Peter - bambo. Mu chitsanzo ichi a axiom wa syllogism si kulemekezedwa chifukwa bambo si ntchito kwa anthu onse. Choncho, pamene akumanga inferences muyenera kutsatira malamulo. Pali yekha zisanu ndi ziwiri: atatu a iwo ikukhudzana bwanji ndi mawu, ndi zinayi - maphukusi.

Adzalamulira limodzi: a categorical syllogism yosavuta lili mawu atatu okha. Lililonse yachinai - kamodzi. Kuzindikiritsidwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana kumafuna zolakwa. Mwachitsanzo: 1.Sidorov anachita kuba. 2. Sidorov - chachikazi. 3. nauni wachita kuba. Apa Sidorov ndi manauni ndi matanthauzo osiyana. Rule awiri: Liwu tidzakulowereni Payenera kukhala mu malo a. Ngati kugwirizana pakati pa mkhalidwe ndi nkhani sangathe kuikidwa kapena ndi unproven, ndi syllogism amakhalabe poopsa: 1. Anthu ena - wakupha. 2. Ivan angatchedwe munthu wina. 3. Ivan - wakupha. Ndipo potsiriza, ulamuliro wachitatu. Ngati mulibe ntchito mawu akuti mu mkangano mkhalidwe, koma alipo pomaliza, kungakhale kulakwa syllogism. Zitsanzo za kulakwitsa tingasonyezere motere: 1. Mu Moscow mlandu dera kupha. 2. St. Petersburg ili mu dera Moscow. 3. St. Petersburg, si choncho kupha.

Kuwonjezera pa mawu a malamulo ayenera kutsatira malamulo a malo a. Mmodzi wa iwo azinyamula chiganizo, chifukwa chirichonse kukhazikitsa izo, tiyenera chinthu amaipidwa. Ngati mmodzi wa mfundo atapereka - kukanidwa, ndiye mapeto ayenera kukhala negative. Komanso categorical syllogism kumodzi analandira molondola, pa chimodzi cha mfundo kuika patsogolo ayenera kukhala ambiri categorical maweruzo. Ndipo otsiriza ulamuliro malo: ngati mmodzi wa iwo - payekha, ndiye mapeto ayenera kukhala payekha. Mwachitsanzo: 1. chokhumudwitsa The adzalangidwa (okwana chiweruzo). 2. Ivanov mlandu (nkhani yeniyeni). 3. Ivanov ayenera kulangidwa.