Ndi mikangano mu zamoyo (akanika, bowa ndi zomera) chiyani?

Kotero ali choyimira wapadera wa foni ndi chipolopolo mwachilungamo wandiweyani. Kodi mkangano? Iwo akhoza kukhala m'magulu angapo zamoyo: mabakiteriya, nkhungu, ndi zomera. ntchito zawo zili zosiyana. Ngati mabakiteriya mapangidwe maselo amenewa akutumikira monga njira kuchilango chokhwima zinthu zachilengedwe, njira kuteteza mitundu, zomera ndi bowa - komanso kuswana. Mfundo kuti mikangano amenewa mu zamoyo, ndi zinthu zina zambiri zosangalatsa mwaphunzira nkhani imeneyi.

mu tizilombo

Mawu "Mkangano" chiyambi Greek ndipo limatanthauza "mbewu" kapena "seeding." ndi kutsutsana akanika chiyani? Tizilombo timeneti tosaoneka ndi anthu ambiri wakale wa dziko, tiyenera chitetezo pazipita ndi mitundu yonse ya masoka zomwe zachitika mu nthawi zonsezi. Ndi chikhalidwe wawapatsa ndi malire kwambiri za chitetezo chimene chilibe analogues. Mabakiteriya akhoza kulimbana ndi kuzizira asafe azikhala geysers otentha, kumene kutentha madzi ukufika pafupifupi kuwira. Moyo ena tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi nyanja chidulo, ndi mu malo sulfide wa hydrogen. Iwo amakhala ndi mkulu mu mlengalenga kwambiri mu nthaka ndi madzi, kulikonse kusiya spores bakiteriya. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ngati osauka akumane, bakiteriya wamwalira ndi ndipamene zinazake aliko, wotchedwa spore.

kupulumutsa mtundu

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ndi kutchukitsa latsopano la thupi chifukwa, monga ulamuliro, kusowa chakudya, kutentha ndi kusintha chinyezi. Ndi mophiphiritsa, "inshuwalansi" mabakiteriya ndi ofunikira zikhoza kusungidwa, kuti inshuwaransi kuwonongedwa kwa chiwerengero cha zaka. Osiyana bakiteriya spores amaoneka mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, udzu Bacillus ali pakati ndi musalumphe m'mimba mwake wa yaying'ono-chamoyo. Ena - upambana awiri ndi ili kumapeto kwa selo. Ngati otsutsa mkati bakiteriya ndi (a bakiteriya akhoza kupanga chimodzi chokha), endospores izi. The tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amene amalenga mkangano, wotchedwa sporangia. Koma chigweranso kuti mkangano aphimbidwa ndi m'chimake zina zodzitetezera ndi zina khungu monga umafota kutali. Mapangidwe latsopano ndondomeko kuwombola lili, pali pafupifupi palibe madzi ndi nkhani achepetsa mphamvu ya mawu, monga ngati "wabwerera".

ndi mikangano mu bowa ndi chiyani?

The ufumu wa bowa, kuphatikiza zina mwa zomera ndi nyama, chilichonse ndi pang'ono osiyana. spores Pali anapanga makamaka kwa cholinga cha kubereka. ndi "maganizo" mu mycology (a sayansi kuti amaphunzira bowa) chiyani? apo pansi, monga asayansi ena, mitundu yoposa miliyoni wa bowa. Achita mbali ya pansi, mobisa ndi zimadalirana m'madzi. Pamene bowa ndi kufalikira kudutsa dziko ndi liwiro zimenezi?

Ndipo izo zimachitika chifukwa cha mikangano, kulengedwa ndi chikhalidwe kwa kubalana. The spores wa bowa muli chimodzi kapena zingapo maselo. Pali zakudya zochepa, mapangidwe ndi mtundu wa maganizo. Spores ndi kuwala kwambiri, kotero iwo "kuyenda" mothandizidwa ndi mphepo ndi madzi, ndi nawo zina zamoyo. Ambiri a iwo anafa pa nthawi yomweyo, kawirikawiri - kupulumuka. Kuchepetsa ndi chikhalidwe cha imfa: spores yaikulu. Mwachitsanzo, bowa akhoza kupanga mpaka spores biliyoni makumi anai pa ora! Kamodzi pa zinthu mwachilungamo yabwino kupulumuka spores kumera, kungadzutse latsopano mycelium. Pali umboni mapangidwe asexual (mitospory) ndi kugonana (meiospores) kubalana. ntchito zawo zili zosiyana. Choyamba anaikira misa resettlement, kuonjezera mphamvu ya nyengo kukula. A chachiwiri - m'malo kusintha kubalana khalidwe.

zomera

ndi mikangano mu gawo la zomera chiyani? zomera zonse mu maonekedwe ena ndi ena, akhoza kupanga spores. Zimenezi amatchedwa sporogenesis. Komabe, spore otchedwa zomera zimene mwaukadaulo kufalitsa ndi kubereka kudzera mwa mitundu imeneyi. Izi zili choncho makamaka algae, Mumapezekanso, ndere, kalabu ndere, horsetails. Akukhulupirira kuti mchitidwe wa chisinthiko (pafupifupi 400 miliyoni zapitazo) kuchokera algae wobiriwira zinachitika zomera apamwamba kuti kubereka spores - Rhyniophyta. Iwo - ndi makolo a mbewu spore onse apamwamba ndi zinyama alipo mu dziko masiku ano.