Hydroxide zotayidwa

Maonekedwe zotayidwa hydroxide zotsatirazi zinthu. Monga ulamuliro, ndi zinthu zoyera, mitundu gelatinous, ngakhale pali chakuti pamaso pa crystalline kapena boma amorphous. Mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe zouma, izo crystallizes mu timibulu woyera amene ali insoluble zidulo zomvetsera kapena alkalis.

Zotayidwa hydroxide angathe kuperekedwa ndi chabwino crystalline ufa wa mtundu woyera. Chovomerezeka pamaso pa pinki ndi mithunzi ya imvi.

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi pawiri la - Al (o) 3. Pawiri wa aluminiyamu ndi madzi kupanga hydroxide aluminiyamu, mankhwala katundu amene amagwiritsidwa kwakukulukulu anatsimikiza mtima Zofunikira kapangidwe kake. pawiri izi zakonzedwa mwa kuchita ndi zotayidwa mchere ndi kuchepetsa soda ndi anzake, motero m'pofunika kuteteza overabundance awo. Tinasonkhanitsa pa zimene zotayidwa hydroxide precipitate tsono angathe anachitira ndi asidi ndi.

hydroxide zotayidwa ndi anachita ndi amadzimadzi njira ya rubidium hydroxide, ndi aloyi zinthu kuti, cesium hydroxide, cesium carbonate. Nthawi zonse, madzi anamasulidwa.

Zotayidwa hydroxide ali ndi kulemera maselo wofanana 78,00, pafupifupi insoluble m'madzi. mankhwala kachulukidwe ndi 3,97 g / cm3. Kukhala amphoteric, zotayidwa hydroxide ndi anachitira ndi asidi ndi m'mene, mu sing'anga akamagwira zochita zofanana ndi madzi amchere anamasulidwa. Pa yolowera anachita ndi alkalis kuoneka zovuta mchere - gidroksoalyuminaty, mwachitsanzo, K [Al (o) 4 (H2O) 2]. Metaaluminate anapangidwa zotayidwa hydroxide zinaphatikizidwa ndi alkalies anhydrous.

Ngati zinthu zonse amphoteric, acidic ndi zofunika katundu wa onse mapulogalamu hydroxide zotayidwa ndi anachita ndi zidulo amphamvu ndi alkalis. Mu motero pamene kusungunuka zidulo hydroxide cleaves pa ayoni a hydroxide, ndipo mogwirizana ndi soda - lamamatira ion wa hydrogen. Kuona, n'zotheka Mwachitsanzo, kuchita zimene, imene imakhudza hydroxide zotayidwa, hydroxide ndi sodium. M'pofunika kuchititsa kukhuta chubu pang'ono zotayidwa utuchi ndi kutsanulira pang'ono hydroxide ndi sodium sali wamkulu kuposa 3 Botolo. Chubu ayenera kutseka mwamphamvu stoppered, ndipo anayamba Kutentha pang'onopang'ono. Kenako, miyendo itatu chikukonzekera chubu, m'pofunika kusonkhanitsa wa hydrogen wodzipereka kwa chubu wina, ndikuika pa chipangizo chisanadze capillary. Pambuyo za munthu miniti mbale ayenera kuchotsedwa capillary ndi kubweretsa lawi. Ngati mu m'galasi anasonkhana wa hydrogen wangwiro - woyaka zidzachitika mwakachetechete, ngati chomwecho, ngati mpweya - adzakhala awombe.

Zotayidwa hydroxide anakonza mu zasayansi mu njira zingapo:

- mwa kuchita salt zotayidwa ndi njira zamchere;

- kuwonongeka njira nitride zotayidwa mchikakamizo cha madzi;

- mpweya ndi kudutsa ndi hydro wapadera munali Al (o) 4;

- zotsatira la ammonia pa aluminiyamu hydrate mchere.

The mafakitale ndi chifukwa processing wa bauxite. Ntchito ngati Impact luso aluminate njira carbonates.

Zotayidwa hydroxide umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga feteleza, cryolite, zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi mankhwala mankhwala. M'nkhaniyo mankhwala opanga ntchito yokonza fluoride zotayidwa ndi sulfure. Singasiyanitsidwe pawiri mu kupanga pepala, mapulasitiki, penti ndi ena ambiri.

ntchito zachipatala chifukwa kulimbikitsa za kukonzekera munali zinthu zosonyeza kuti mankhwala a matenda chapamimba, hyperacidity thupi zilonda matenda.

Pamene wolunjika mankhwala, ayenera kuchenjera inhalation ya nthunzi, monga iwo chifukwa chaukali m'mapapo kuwonongeka. Popeza mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba slabodeystvuyuschim, ndi ngozi pa mlingo waukulu. Pamene aluminosis amachititsa dzimbiri.

Thunthu palokha ndi otetezeka zokwanira, chifukwa Kodi samva ndi oxidants.