Njira Geographical - ndi chiyani ichi? Geographical njira ndi zochitika

Earth sanalole kuphonya anthu ake. Njira zina chirengedwe ndi zochitika ife kudabwa ndi kudabwitsa anthu ena - mantha ndi inu kuganiza za wosafunika anthu ofooka pamaso pa asilikali ndi mphamvu ya chikhalidwe. Pa yomweyo chilichonse chimene chikuchitika padziko lathuli, ndife kwambiri zogwirizana ndipo modalirana.

ndi njira chirengedwe chiyani? Ndi chiyani icho? Ndipo kodi iwo amasiyana zochitika zachilengedwe?

Zochitika ndi njira mu madera

Choyamba ndi Dziwani kuti kusiyana pakati pa mfundo ziwiri sangathe nthawi zonse zikuonetseratu poyera ngakhale lopambana aphunzitsi geographers. njira Geographical ndi zochitika nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi mzake, kuyitanizana wina ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe mapanga (waukulu mobisa cavities) karst ndondomeko limatchedwa, ndipo nthawizina - karst chodabwitsa.

Tiyeni tiyese kusiyanitsa mfundo ziwirizi. Ndipo zimenezi m'pofunika kutanthauza sayansi woteroyo, nzeru.

The njira ya sayansi pansi ndondomeko (ku Latin processus - «kusuntha", "otaya") ndi ndondomeko ya limati kusintha pa chitukuko cha chinachake. Koma chodabwitsa - izo ndi zonse zimene munthu amatha kudziwa sensually (ndiko kuti, onani, kumva, kumva). Mwachitsanzo, munthu sangathe kudziwa zomwe njira zikuchitika mu thupi lake. Koma lakuthwa nyamuka kutentha (mu mulandu, ukhoza kuitana chodabwitsa) angakuuzeni kuti chinachake chalakwika. Koma ku malowo ...

njira Geographical amasiyana mphamvu zosatha. M'mawu ena, iwo zosiyanasiyana nthawi. Nawonso zochitika zachilengedwe - ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa hule njira zosiyanasiyana m'mayiko ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kukhala kuphulika yaikulu ya phiri. Mu choncho, izi chodabwitsa ndi zotsatira za zochita yogwira tectonic njira mu dziko lapansi kutumphuka.

ndondomeko Geographical - ziri ...

Dziko lathuli ndi n'zosadabwitsa m'zigawozigawo ndi osiyanasiyana. zipolopolo zake (muzochitika) mowirikiza zikuchitika zosiyanasiyana njira lawolawo. Mwachitsanzo, kuphulika kwa mapiri ndi phiri nyumba, denudation ndipo kudzikundikira, cryogenesis ndi solifluction. Kufalitsa misa mpweya ndi kayendedwe ka madzi oundana, nayenso, akuphatikizapo.

Choncho, njira Hrs - ndi chiyani ichi? Ndipo kodi maziko awo? Tiyeni tiyese poyankha mafunso awa.

njira Geographical - zonse zomwe zidzachitike mu envelopu Hrs a Dziko Lapansi. Zotsatira mapeto awa ndi kusintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kapena mphamvu mawonekedwe mitunda. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mphamvu ya njira izi zisinthe pa nthawi, ndi inapita patsogolo, ndiye mochedwa.

njira Geographical zimalambira mankhwala yogwira ndi kayendedwe ka mphamvu mkati chipolopolo linalake. Zimenezi, kumathandiza kuti kusinthika ake Mkhalidwe.

njira Geographical: zithunzi ndi zitsanzo

Palibe njira mu zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo chikhalidwe sizichitika monga choncho. Aliyense ali ndi muzu wake, maziko anu. Kotero kuti zinangokhalako zokha zimachitika mchikakamizo cha otchedwa mkati (amkati) ndi (exogenous) mphamvu kunja kwa Dziko Lapansi. Ndi iwo amene ali ndi udindo kuphulika kwa mapiri, zivomezi ndi zina zotero.

zotsatirazi zikhoza anatchula monga zitsanzo njira physicogeographical:

• kuphulika kwa mapiri;
• Relief mapangidwe (makamaka phiri nyumbayi);
• nthaka mapangidwe;
• mumlengalenga makope;
• denudation ndipo kudzikundikira;
• abrasive;
• cryogenesis;
• solifluction;
• kukokoloka ndi T. d.

Dziwani kuti si zonse zimene zimachitika padziko lapansi ndi ake kuya Hrs njira. Images, zithunzi ndi kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za ena mwa iwo anagonjera pansipa. Iwo angakuthandizeni kudziwa kuti akumvetseni bwino chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a pasukuluyi wapadera amene amapanga envelopu Hrs dzikoli.

Amkati ndi exogenous magulu a Dziko Lapansi

Zinthu zimene zimachititsa pafupifupi njira zonse zimene zachitika envelopu Hrs, akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri:

• amkati (mkati);
• ndipo exogenous (achilendo).

Magulu amkati a Dziko Lapansi ogwirizana ndi mphamvu kumachitika kwambiri m'chikondi cha dziko. Iwo ali catalysts kwa madongosolo monga magmatism ndi metamorphism, imfayo kayendedwe ka mbale lithospheric.

njira Exogenous zimachitika mwachindunji padziko kapena pa mphambano ya lithosphere ndi mlengalenga. Zikuphatikizapo kukokoloka, kukokololoka kwa madzi, kumva kuwawa, ndi zina zotero D..

Ngati mphamvu choyamba (amkati) kupanga mpumulo padziko lonse yotsirizira (exogenous) - nawo kamangidwe kake, kulenga wapadera mawonekedwe padziko lapansi.

Denudation ndipo kudzikundikira

kusinthidwa wa mpumulo lapadziko ndi chifukwa awiri achilengedwe (nthawi zina amatchedwanso Geological) njira - denudation ndipo kudzikundikira. Ndipo zochita zawo imatsogoleredwa zosiyana. Komabe, iwo ali kwambiri zogwirizana ndi kupanga limodzi lonse.

Denudation mu nthaka otchedwa zovuta njira wovulala ndi kutengerapo miyala. Iwo zochokera mphamvu yokoka, ndi ntchito ya mphepo, ukuyenda madzi ndi oundana. Pansi kudzikundikira amatanthauza ndondomeko chiwonongeko cha kudzikundikira chuma.

Cholinga chachikulu cha denudation - "kudula" njira zabwino mpumulo. Koma cholinga chachikulu cha kudzikundikira ndithu popenyana ndi kuonjezera mitundu yafupika a padziko lapansi. Koma chifukwa chachikulu njira awiriwa ndi ofanana mayikidwe padziko lapansili, chiwonongeko cha machitidwe migodi ndi mapangidwe a thyathyathya kwambiri.

Pamwambapa anafotokoza njira zithunzi Hrs motere. M'nthawi chithunzi - chitsanzo cha denudation a padziko lapansi.

Mu yachiwiri chithunzi - yowala Chitsanzo kudzikundikira chuma lotayirira (mu nkhani iyi ikusonyeza chifukwa cha madzi oyenda).

Kuphulika kwa mapiri ndi phiri nyumba

Ngati kuwonjezera kudzikundikira ndi denudation mu dziko salinso anakumana njira iliyonse, dziko lathuli posachedwapa lidzasanduka chigwa chachikulu ndi lathyathyathya. Koma tikuona kuti alili Dziko Lapansi zodabwitsa osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chiyani?

Yankho lake ndi losavuta: njira amkati a nkhondo Earth kwaiye chifukwa cha zimene pamalo angaimbidwenso (chionongeko) kachitidwe phiri pali latsopano - dongosolo wamng'ono. njira zimenezi zimatchedwa phiri nyumbayi. Ndipo zinachitikadi m'mbiri nthaka ya Dziko Lapansi (malinga ndi asayansi, ndi zaka za biliyoni 4.5 zaka).

Akatswiriwa olekanitsidwa "yonena" wa dzikoli kwa nthawi zisanu lopinda. Tikukhala mu nyengo za Alpine kungomanga, amene "anapereka" dziko phiri nyumba monga Alps, Himalaya, Andes ndi Caucasus.

Mapangidwe dziko lapansili ndi zovuta kulingalira popanda kuphulika kwa mapiri. Ichi ndi ndondomeko wina amene amagwira ntchito mu chitukuko cha mtunda m'mapulaneti. Pansi kuphulika kwa mapiri kumvetsa kuchotsedwa njira chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka chiphalaphala mu matanthwe a pansi padziko, ndi kumasula izo pamwamba. Chifukwa - pa thupi la dziko lapansili pali tectonic fractures mapiri ndi geysers.

Geographical chodabwitsa: zoyimira ndi zitsanzo

Monga amadziwika kuchokera Maphunziro madera, pali anayi m'mlengalenga. Izi ndi lithosphere, mlengalenga hydrosphere ndi biosphere. Choncho, zochitika zonse za chilengedwe ali m'magulu malinga ndi malo awo a chiyambi mu magulu anayi:

1. Geological (mwachitsanzo, zivomezi, kugumuka, thanthwe mathithi, zigumukire).
2. Nyengo (Mphepo Anthufe tikuvutika, utawaleza ndi T. D.).
3. Hydrological (kusefukira kwa madzi, kusefukira kwa madzi, kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi zina zotero. D.).
4. Tizilombo (mliri moto epiphytotics etc.).

Monga tanena chodabwitsa lachibadwa amalankhula chotsatira chenicheni cha ndondomeko. Mwachitsanzo, St. Elmo a moto - chodabwitsa chimene chimachitika chifukwa cha njira zina mu mlengalenga.

7 Zachilendo zochitika zachilengedwe

Pomaliza, tikambirana asanu chodabwitsa kwambiri, zamatsenga ndi chidwi zochitika zachilengedwe:

• Ngatimadzi - chodabwitsa mwachibadwa, amene adamva, mwina aliyense. Izi kuphidikuka kwa diso, ndilo gwero la koopsa mpweya.
• Thunderball - kwambiri losonyeza mu mlengalenga ndi kusuntha maphunziro amaganiziridwa chiyambi magetsi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa chododometsa, chikhalidwe cha zimene zatsalira chinsinsi chachikulu kwa asayansi.
• St. Elmo a moto - ndi muzochitika kwambiri losonyeza kuti uka pa malekezero lakuthwa wa zinthu kwambiri anaika (nsonga mtengo wa masts ngalawa, mapiko a ndege, ndi zina zotero D..). Yak minda mkulu magetsi mu mlengalenga.
• Lamba wa Venus - wolemera wofiirira lamba pakati pathambo ndi m'chizimezime, amene Tingaone m'madera ndi mkulu fumbi zili mumlengalenga.
• Lenticular mtambo - ndi mitambo akadali amazipanga kukongola mu mawonekedwe a magalasi, amene anapanga pa crests wa utuluke mpweya.
• Bifurcation - wapadera ndi m'malo osowa hydrological chodabwitsa. Izi kulekana kwa njira Buku ku mitsinje ziwiri zosiyana zomwe zimatsikira ku zigwa yoyenda yokha ndipo osalumikidwa panonso.
• Kuwala mizati - wapadera gulu la kuunika (loyera kapena mitundu ina), kunachitika zambiri mu usiku. Izi chodabwitsa kukongola ndi chifukwa refraction kuwala ndi timibulu yaing'ono ayezi kuti zili mumlengalenga.

Pomaliza ...

Choncho, njira Hrs - limachita zimene zimachitika mu Lapansi ndi kuyambitsa kusintha ake mu envelopu lawolawo. Zikuphatikizapo kuphulika kwa mapiri, denudation, kudzikundikira, makope mumlengalenga, njira dothi mapangidwe ndi nyumba phiri, ndipo ena.