Frensis Bekon: yonena, chiphunzitso nthanthi

Ndi ndani iye: a nzeru zapamwamba kapena wasayansi? Frensis Bekon - woganiza kwambiri ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano-nyengo England. Munthu mosalekeza, amene anali m'malo posts ambiri anaona mayiko angapo ndipo analankhula kwa mazana a malingaliro wochenjera, kuti kalozera anthu chete. Mtima wofuna kudziwa ndi luso kulankhula Bacon kwa zaka zoyambilira zatenganso mbali mu kukonzanso kwa nzeru za nthawi. Makamaka, ziphunzitso za Aristotle ndi scholasticism, amene zochokera chikhalidwe ndi wauzimu, akhala anatsutsa empiricist Francis m'dzina la sayansi. Bacon amanena kuti yekha sayansi ndi luso patsogolo angalere chitukuko chotero alemere anthu mwauzimu.

Frensis Bekon - mfundo Wambiri

Bacon anabadwa mu London January 22, 1561, bungwe mu banja Chingerezi. bambo wake ankagwira ntchito pa bwalo la Elizabeth I, woyang'anira chisindikizo achifumu. Mayi ake anali mwana wa Anthony Cook, amene anakulira Mfumu Edward VI. akazi ophunzira amene mukudziwa Greek ndi Latin, achinyamata Francis anaika kukonda kuphunzira. Iye anakula anzeru ndi smyshlonym mnyamata akukumana ndi chidwi chachikulu masayansi.

Mu zaka 12, Bacon pa yunivesite ya Cambridge. Atamaliza maphunziro ake nzeru zapamwamba akuyenda kwambiri. Ndale, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe moyo wa France, Spain, Poland, Denmark, Sweden ndi Germany tidasiya chizindikiro awo m'nkhani "Pa chikhalidwe cha Europe" lomwe linalembedwa ndi woganiza a. Atamwalira Bacon, bambo anabwerera kwawo.

ntchito zake zandale, Francis anachita pamene kukwera kwa English wachifumu Korol Yakov I. Wafilosofi anali, ndi Loya (mu 1612), ndi Anapempha kwa Zisindikizo (1617) ndi Ambuye Chancellor (1618). Komabe, kuyamba mofulumira inatha kuloŵa pansi.

Chotsatirapo cha ulendo wa moyo

Mu 1621, Bacon mlandu Mfumu kutenga ziphuphu kumangidwa (ngakhale mu masiku awiri) ndipo anamukhululukira. Potsatira ntchito ya Francis monga ndale yatha. zaka zonse wotsatira anaphunzira sayansi ndi zatsopano. Anamwalira mu 1626, nzeru zapamwamba ku chisanu.

Bacon - woyambitsa wa ntchito zambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• "Zokumana Nazo ndi malangizo" - mu 1597 - magazini choyamba. Buku ndiye nthawi zambiri tinalisindikizanso wodzilemekeza ndiponso. ntchito imakhala essays lalifupi ndi essays imene woganiza amaganizira za ndale ndi makhalidwe abwino.
• "Tanthauzo ndi kupambana kwa chidziwitso cha Mulungu ndi munthu" - 1605
• "Nzeru za anthu akale" - 1609
• Mafotokozedwe a luntha la dziko.
• "Pa malo apamwamba", limene ananena za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa akuluakulu a udindo wapamwamba. "Pa chimbuzi ndi zovuta kukana, koma palibe njira kumbuyo, kuwonjezera pa kugwa kapena, pafupifupi, kolowera dzuwa ...".
• "New Organon" - mu 1620 - mwambo buku la nthawi wodzipereka ku gulu la sayansi, njira zake ndi njira.
• "Pa ulemerero, ndi kuwongola wa Sciences" - ndi mbali yoyamba ya "Great kubwezeretsa Sciences" buku la ntchito za Bacon.

Malodza enaake kapena masomphenya m'tsogolo?

Frensis Bekon. "New Atlantis." Mawu awiri mu nzeru, sipangakhalenso kukuyerekezeredwa. Zojambula ngakhale adasiya yosatha, koma odzipereka dziko lonse la wolemba wake.

"The Atlantis Chatsopano" linasindikizidwa mu 1627. Bacon amasuntha owerenga pachilumba china, kumene ikukhala chitukuko abwino. Tikuthokoza kwambiri sayansi ndi luso, isanachitikepo pa nthawi. Bacon ankawoneka ngati mazana a zaka za m'tsogolo, chifukwa mungaphunzire Atlantis pa maso pa, kaphatikizidwe wa zamoyo, komanso mankhwala mavuto onse. Komanso, limafotokoza zosiyanasiyana, osati koma lotseguka, phokoso ndi zipangizo kumva.

Island potsogolera anthu akulumikiza waukulu amuna anzeru a dziko. Ndipo pamene Bacon akalambula anakhudza mavuto a chikomyunizimu ndipo kenako ntchito imeneyi kotheratu technocratic.

Kuyang'ana pa moyo mwa maso a nzeru zapamwamba za

Woyambitsa wa maganizo a masiku ano alidi Frensis Bekon. woganiza nzeru amakana chiphunzitso ankaonetsetsa ndipo mu malo oyamba amaika sayansi ndi nzeru. Kudziwa malamulo a chilengedwe, ndi kujambula phindu lawo, munthu akhoza osati zofuna mphamvu, koma kukula mwauzimu.

Francis ananena kuti atulukira onse amene apangidwa ndi ngozi, chifukwa anthu ochepa anali ndi njira za sayansi ndi luso. Bacon zoyamba anayesera m'kagulu sayansi zochokera katundu wa malingaliro: kukumbukira - ndi nkhani ya m'maganizo - ndi ndakatulo, maganizo - ndi nzeru.

Makamaka mu njira ya nzeru ayenera kukhala njira inductive ndi zinachitikira. kufufuza aliyense ayenera kuyamba ndi maonekedwe osati chiphunzitso. Bacon amakhulupirira kuti bwino adzakhala mmodzi yekha kuyesera, umene zikhalidwe zikusintha nthawi ndi malo komanso zochitika. Nkhani nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala mu filimu.

Frensis Bekon. empiricism

Wasayansi ndi nzeru wake chifukwa mapeto zinachititsa kuti zikamera mfundo monga "empiricism": chidziwitso kupyolera m'machita chita. Only ndi kukhala akudziwa zokwanira, yembekezerani pa zotsatira za ntchito zake.

Bacon limatchula njira zingapo kupeza nzeru;

• "Njira ndi kangaude" - kudziŵa kuwapeza chifukwa wangwiro, njira zomveka. M'mawu ena, intaneti walukidwa kuchokera malingaliro. zinthu zenizeni Sadadzipangire chifukwa cha.
• "Njira nyerere" - kudziwa analandira kupyolera m'machita chita. Cholinga kokha pa kusonkhanitsa mfundo ndi umboni. Komabe, chofunika amakhalabe bwinobwino.
• "Njira ya njuchi" - njira yangwiro, chomwe chili wabwino ndi kangaude ndi Nyerere, koma pa nthawi yomweyo mosatsata zolakwa zawo. Potsatira njira imeneyi, mfundo zonse ndi umboni ayenera anadutsa prism maganizo ake m'maganizo mwake. Ndiyeno yekha awulula choonadi.

Zolepheretsa kudziwa

Si kophweka kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano. Bacon akuti anaphunzitsa ndi zopinga mzimu. Nyenyezizo cholinga ndi malingaliro anu. Pali zinthu kobadwa nako ndi zinazake.

Titadziwa "mtundu wa mizukwa 'ndi' phantoms wa nthumbi" - kotero iwo m'kagulu nzeru zapamwamba yekha. "Mizukwa mtundu" - nzeru zoletsa chikhalidwe anthu. "Mizukwa wa phanga" - chidziwitso cha zotsatira n'kusokoneza anthu enieni.

Anapeza "mzimu msika" ndi "mizukwa wa bwalo lamasewera." Woyamba idzagwiritsa ntchito molakwika mawu ndi matanthauzo. Munthu angatenge zonse kwenikweni, ndipo zina ndi maganizo oyenera. Vuto lachiwiri - ndi yaikulu chidziwitso alipo nzeru za anthu. Atamusiya okha wakale sangamvetsetse watsopano. Tisadalire PAMOYO akale, kudutsa izo kupyolera maganizo awo, anthu amatha Mokhumbira.

maganizo Great siumafa

Munthu wina wamkulu - patapita zaka - kungadzutse ena. Bekon Frensis - zosonyeza zojambulajambula nthawi yathu, komanso mbadwa lakutali nzeru zapamwamba-woganiza.

Francis-analemekeza wojambula ntchito kholo lake, mwa njira iliyonse iye anatsatira malangizo ake anachoka mu mabuku "anzeru". Frensis Bekon, amene yonena watha osati kale mu 1992, anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa dziko. Ndipo pamene nzeru zapamwamba anachita izo mu mawu, mdzukulu wake kutali - utoto.

Pa mathanyula lake Francis Jr. anakankhidwira kunja kwa nyumba. Akungoyendayenda kudzera France ndi Germany, iye bwinobwino ndiyenera chionetsero Picasso mu 1927. Iye kunathandiza yaikulu munthu. Bacon anabwerera ku London lakwawo, kumene iye afika yaing'ono garaja-msonkhano ndipo akuyamba kulenga.

Francis Bacon ndi chimodzi mwa ojambula zithunzi mdima wambiri masiku ano. zojambula wake - choonekera Poyera. Anangotengeka, wodzala ndi nkhope kutaya mtima ndi silhouettes akuponderezedwa, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuti tiganize za tanthauzo la moyo. Ndipotu, munthu aliyense zobisika nkhope ndi anangotengeka, ndi udindo wa kuti limagwiritsa ntchito zochitika zosiyanasiyana.

Ngakhale mdima wake, zithunzi ali otchuka kwambiri. Great luso connoisseur Bacon - achiroma Abramovich. Pa yobetcherana, iye anagula kupenta "Odziwika ovomerezeka XX m'ma" ndalama zankhaninkhani miliyoni 86,3!

mawu woganiza

Philosophy - sayansi wosatha amatsogoza wosatha. Aliyense amene angathe kuganiza pang'ono - "pang'ono" nzeru za anthu. Bacon analemba maganizo ake nthawi iliyonse ndiponso kulikonse. Ndipo ambiri a zolemba zake anthu amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Bacon amene anaposa ngakhale ukulu wa Shakespeare. Amatero m'nthawi yake.

Frensis Bekon. Anagwiranso kuona:

• Waddling pa akuthamanga molunjika msewu kuposa kuti adasokera.
• M'dziko ubwenzi kakang'ono - ndipo m'pang'ono mwa wao sunganyemeke.
• Palibe woipa kuposa kuopa yokha.
• Kusungulumwa kowopsya - osati kuti mabwenzi enieni.
• Chozemba - pothawirapo ofooka.
• Mu mdima - onse mtundu womwewo.
• Hope - chakudya chabwino koma phwando zoipa.
• Zabwino ndi zimene lipindulitsa munthu, anthu.

Kudziwa ndi mphamvu

Mphamvu ndi chidziwitso. Only abstracting kwa aliyense ndi chirichonse, kumulola zinakuchitikirani ndi zimene zinachitikira akapolo anzawo akale kupyola mu malingaliro anu, inu mukhoza kumvetsa choonadi. Sikokwanira kukhala theorist, muyenera kukhala ogwira ntchito! Usaope zotsutsa ndi chilango. Ndipo amene amadziwa, mwinamwake kutsegula lalikulu inu!