The njira dialectical nthanthi

Dialectics nthanthi - ndi kaganizidwe, imene zinthu ndi zochitika ali anaphunzira kukula ndi chitukuko, mu ubwenzi ndi mnzake mu kulimbana ndi umodzi wa zotsutsana.

Kale, sensuously amaonekera dziko ankaoneka mapangidwe wamuyaya ndi kayendedwe, imene zotsutsana azikhala ndi pali mgwirizano. Kumayambiriro Agiriki anaona masiyanidwe wopandamalire wa dziko ndipo nthawi yomweyo anati danga - ndizokongola ndi anamaliza lonse ndi pa mpumulo. dialectic awo anatuluka monga mafotokozedwe a poyenda ndi zina, komanso chithunzithunzi cha kusinthika osaleka a mchitidwe ina, chinthu chimodzi.

Pa Sophists dialectical njira svolsya kuti negation koyera: powasamalira kusintha apitirize pokambirana naye malingaliro a wina ndi mzake ndi mfundo, adafika ku mapeto za relativity ndi zofooka za nzeru za anthu onse, umakhulupirira kuti n'zosatheka kumvetsa choonadi.

kuberekana Bor Ba otsutsana malingaliro - kuti, potengera zimene dialectical njira ya Socrates, nzeru zapamwamba Greek amene amafotokozedwa maganizo ake za dziko simuli Mfundo ndi wolalata, ngakhale monologically. Asogolera kucheza ndi anthu a Athens, amene si ananena malo ake, ndi interlocutors anafunsa mafunso amene anafuna kuwathandiza tichotse tsankho ndi kubwera kwa chiweruzo oona paokha.

Ambiri mwa njira zonse dialectical anayamba Georg Hegel, German katswiri wa m'zaka za m'ma XIX: lingaliro waukulu ndi zotsutsana ndi matanthauzo ofananafanana ndipo nthawi yomweyo matanthauzo zimatsatira mzake. Kutsutsana Hegel - ndi kutsogolera kwa zamoyo wa mzimu: zimapangitsa lingaliro la tikupita chitsogolo, kuchokera ku zocholoŵana, ndipo zotsatira ndi kokwanira kwambiri.

Hegel amaona kutsutsana chachikulu kwambiri lingaliro cha mtheradi: silingathe chabe Musakanize Mtheradi, ndithudi, mwinamwake iwo anali wochepa mbawala, ndipo iwo sakanati akhale mtheradi. Zikutanthauza mtheradi ayenera chiti zochepa kapena zambiri. Choncho, choonadi chenicheni ndi mgwirizano yotsutsa zikhulupiriro zakezake ndi zochepa kuti azitha kuthandizana, uchoke inertia awo ndi kupeza latsopano, truer mawonekedwe. Choncho chivundikiro magalimoto mfundo zonse payekha ndi maganizo, onse wauzimu ndi dziko thupi. Iwo onse kulibe mogwirizana pafupi ndi mzake ndi mtheradi.

Hegel a dialectical njira - ndi ndondomeko mfundo kudziletsa kusintha. Dialectics - uli njira ndi ochititsa nzeru zake.

nzeru Marxist, kwambiri, anagwiritsa ntchito njira dialectical, koma ndi yogwirizana ndi lingaliro zakuthupi cha moyo ndiponso munthu choncho zambiri zothandiza: amaona, makamaka chikhalidwe osati mwangwiro zotsutsana aumunthu.

The njira dialectical lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito osati West komanso nzeru za Eastern, mwachitsanzo, mu China, ndi maganizo yin ndi yang - awiri mbali zosiyanasiyana za chowonadi osakwatiwa, amene n'kukhala mzake.

The njira dialectical ndi zosiyana akamabadwa, amene anatembenukira kwa chiyambi cha moyo weniweniwo, kupeza chikhalidwe chapachiyambi cha chowonadi.