Monogram - Monogram izo ... ndipo monogram (chithunzi)

Kwa zaka zambiri, akukhulupirira kuti monogram - chizindikiro kuti limasonyeza wapamwamba wa munthu, banja kapena mtundu, a apamwamba, ndi strata chigamulo cha anthu. Chotero chizindikiro, pamodzi ndi chovala banja la manja, ndi wonyada kwambiri. Iwo anaikidwa pa nyumba zachifumu ndiponso nyumba, waika banja ndi katundu wa m'nyumba, chokongoletsedwa zovala zina. Lero, patapita anaiwalika mwachidule, monograms ndi monogram unakhala wotchuka kachiwiri. About kodi izi wotsogola zokongoletsa zinthu, zomwe kufanana awo ndi kusiyana, nkhaniyi idzafotokoza.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Mawu "monogram" Greek, kwenikweni anawamasulira kumatanthauza "yosavuta mzere". The monograms oyambirira kwenikweni analembedwa mzere umodzi mosalekeza ndi olimba. Komabe, pa nthawi kuphweka anagwetsa kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane, zokongoletsa ndi zosiyanasiyana pokha-mvu. Mu maonekedwe ake woyambirira monogram inali makalata chimodzi chokha koyamba dzina.

Ndiye chizindikiro ichi chakhala adawonjeza kalata yoyamba ya dzina la. Choncho, lero monogram - chitsanzo kukongoletsa ku Maina a munthu kapena makalata choyambirira cha dzina kampani, kampani. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti basi Maina (mwachitsanzo, BP) - uyu si monogram. Kuti kukhala, makalata ziyenela kuchitidwa mu dongosolo limodzi zokongola zapiringizana ndipo anaika mu mawonekedwe iliyonse (mwachitsanzo, chowulungika kapena lalikulu).

Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa monogram ndi monogram chiyani?

Modern munthu (kupatulapo ochepa) amakhulupirira kuti limayendera. Komabe, siziri choncho. Monograms ndi monogram kwenikweni kwambiri, koma izi ndi zilembo zosiyanasiyana.

Mawu "cipher" kutanthauza "mfundo" ali mizu Polish. Popanda kupita tsatanetsatane, ndi monogram angatchedwe chipangizo mtundu wa monogram, amene anawonjezera zokongoletsa owonjezera, ndi zilembo yokhotakhota anapanga ngakhale kovuta. Iwo akhoza chokongoletsedwa ndi khalidwe lililonse, monga nkhata, chishango ndi korona. Mafumu ambiri a masiku ano, monga akapolo anzawo akale, ndi zawo zapadera, monogram monograms, amene chagwiritsidwa ndalama, zikalata ndi zodzikongoletsera.

Choncho, pali kusiyana zotsatirazi awiriwa zithunzi ophiphiritsa:

1. monogram - chizindikiro chapadera zikusonyeza umembala wa chinthu kwa munthu winawake. Monogram akhoza kugwira mudziwe ngati mmodzi kapena angapo, ogwirizana ndi mbali zina.

2. Mosiyana monograms chomwe chimayimira luso ndi interlaced Maina cipher akhoza wodzilemekeza ndi zizindikiro fleur zosiyanasiyana onyamula mwachilungamo wambirimbiri zina zambiri.

3. monogram wa makalata ambiri a milandu mosavuta chinaonekeranso mwa dzanja, koma kusewera mu ofanana njira monogram ndi kovuta.

A mbiri pang'ono

zofukulidwa izi ofukula zinthu zakale amanena kuti ku Iguputo ntchito kusindikiza chosema ndi monograms. Ndiye, zizindikiro zofanana, womwe ndi makalata koyamba maina akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito Greece ndi Rome. Zakhala zalembedwa kuti pali monogram kale ntchito mu BC IV atumwi. e. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri amenewa ndi "hristogramma" - XP "Chi-Rho" M'gululi zilembo loyamba la kalembedwe Greek dzina la Yesu Khristu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Roma ndi Greek mzinda-limati pansi pa monogram pa ndalama zake. Pafupifupi m'zaka za m'ma VII, oimira a atsogoleri apamwamba, ndi oweruza a maukulu zosiyanasiyana ndi maiko ntchito zizindikiro zofanana pa zomatira munthu, amene umboni m'malo kusaina zikalata ndi maimelo. Medieval olemekezeka ndi wolemera, Tesha zachabechabe yekha, chokongoletsedwa ndi ngale, milandu ndudu ndi mabokosi, muli vinyo ndi ziwiya. Komanso, zovala olemekezeka ndi mafumu anachita monogram nsalu kuti zonse akorona zosiyanasiyana lolingana mwini ntchito: achifumu, Baron, kapena Chiwerengero mfulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali malamulo apadera, mtundu uliwonse akhoza nsalu korona mu kalasi ina. Choncho, korona, nsalu pa nsalu baronial angakhale ziwiri mtundu, koma ankasewera pa mfulu - yekha woyera.

Ku Ulaya, osema, aluso ndi engravers stamped monogram pa katundu wake. Sikuti ndi makalata, ngati Leonardo da Vinci ndi Dürer. Nthawi zambiri, aluso anali kuwanena zojambula wake chithunzi chilichonse, kuika iye mu malo a phe pa cipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, B. Garofalo utoto carnation maluwa, L. Cranach - njoka zamapiko, P. Bril - mfundo.

Kuyambira cha m'ma XVI, ndi monogram - si chizindikiro munthu wa olamulira ndi olemekezeka, komanso ndi chizindikiro makampani, lomwe limapezeka mfiti.

mbiri Russian

Mu Russia maonekedwe a monograms amaonera ndi wokonzanso Tsar Peter I. Asanakhale mfumu, munthu monogram Peter Ine wopangidwa ndi Latin kalata "P" ndi galasi fano. Koma kale mu 1722 kuti RUR kuoneka monogram makalata a Russian zilembo - "P" ndi I. chiwerengero

M'tsogolo autocrats onse Russian anali monogram, wopangidwa mwa makalata choyambirira cha dzina ndi nambala ya siriyo. Amagwiritsidwanso ankagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro chotero zomangira phewa ndi epaulettes mayunitsi zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo. Yunifolomu akuluakulu aboma lolemekezeka anali chokongoletsedwa ndi monogram ndi, nsalu chimene chinapangidwa chagolide wapadera ulusi.

Mpaka XX m'ma monogram ankagwiritsa ntchito mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku: iwo stamped pa zodzikongoletsera, ziwiya, linens ndi zovala.

mitundu ya monograms

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa Maina, ndi monogram makalata mwina losavuta (wokwatibwa ndi munthu mmodzi) kapena zovuta - ndi monogram, amene dzina oposa kubadwa dzina chikugwirizana. Zovuta kubadwa monogram anasamutsa kale kwa m'badwo ku banja ndi kuika pansi pa nyumba banja akumeneko, zodzikongoletsera, tableware, mipando, zovala. Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane mbali ya aliyense wa mitundu imeneyi.

monogram Personal

zilembo zimenezi zingakhale:

• Single kalata, kuti wapangidwa ndi chilembo choyambirira - woyamba kapena dzina lomaliza. Choncho, Timoteo Zaitseva kungakhale "T" ndi "Z".
• Ongokhala makalata awiri zikusonyeza dzina ndi dzina.
• Atatu kalata monogram wa dzina la anthu otchuka mu chilengedwe Chirasha, chifukwa makhalidwe chikhalidwe kulankhulana pamene munthu olemekezedwa amatchedwa pa patronymic a.
• Monograms, ciphers, amene ali pafupifupi osadziwika mu Russia. Pakuti kuphedwa kwa oterowo chizindikiro ntchito makalata onse a dzina wotsiriza kapena dzina.

Mu kukafola ndi monogram kawirikawiri kalata yonena dzina, m'pamene penapake zazikulu anamasulidwa mu njira ina iliyonse.

banja monogram

Wophatikizidwa (kapena banja) Monogram posachedwapa otchuka kwambiri monga lingaliro ukwati kuti ntchito azikongoletsa oitanira ndi ntchito makadi alendo, pamene inu kupanga ukwati chionetsero ndi mkate, holo kumene phwandolo umachitika. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kalata limodzi - kuyambira mu dzina la banja wamng'ono Mwachitsanzo, Krutikova - "K", ndi awiri kwa Maina mayina a latsopanolo.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wophatikizidwa Russian monogram, wopangidwa mwa makalata atatu, amene ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe m'njira yapadera: loyamba kalata yoyamba ya dzina wamkazi, pakati - mayina a awiri, ndiyeno - kalata yoyamba ya dzina la munthu.

Mkazi kapena mwamuna?

Mu kukafola ndi monogram mwa makalata Russian zilembo ayenera kudziwa zina mwa malamulo mumtima:

• chifukwa otchulidwa wamwamuna ntchito kokha chipika makalata;
• calligraphic ndi kutsikira mumbali ntchito polenga otchulidwa mkazi;
• mu akazi atatu-kalata monogram la wakuyamba ndi kalata choyambirira cha dzina, ndiye lalikulu kukula - mayina ndi wotsiriza - patronymic (mofanana dzina);
• mu amuna atatu kalata monogram cha kukula kwa makalata adzakhala yemweyo;
• mu ongokhala zilembo ziwiri monogram akubwera dzina loyamba, ndiye dzina ndi kukula kwa makalata ndi chimodzimodzi.

monograms lero

Iye anapita kwa kanthawi mu "mthunzi" Monogram Monogram lero ndi kamodzinso otchuka. Modern Monogram optionally munali Maina a mwini, n'zotheka ntchito ndipo ngati Elvis Presley, amene anali TCB (Kusamalira Business) nalosa zilembo yoyamba ya Mwambi munthu. Kaso ndi zachilendo anapanga chizindikiro anthu amakopeka ndi anatsindika payekha la mwini. amalonda olemera zambiri anagula kukhala munthu monogram siginecha ali yemweyo malamulo mphamvu monga mwachizolowezi.

Today monograms kukongoletsa osati zodzikongoletsera zovala zodzikongoletsera, zovala ndi nsapato, komanso kampani zikuluzikulu Logos, ntchito makadi, mapepala malonda ndi Chalk womuimira.

Posachedwapa, anthu ambiri a m'nthawi yathu kuyitanitsa kukhala monograms banja, kudzera mwa cholowa.