Filigree - ndi chiyani ichi? Russian filigree njira

Jeweler luso anazindikira nthawi zonse. Ndipo osati kwambiri chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo ndithu zipangizo ntchito, koma chifukwa cha mwaluso kuphedwa kapena filigree zodzikongoletsera katswiri wa mankhwala mkulu sayansi ya mankhwala luso. mtundu wina wa njira imeneyi ndi filigree.

Filigree ndi filigree?

Ndipotu, mawu awa awiri mudzatchula chinthu chomwecho. Only woyamba - mbadwa Russian - ". Kupotokola ulusi" kumatanthauza "kupotokola" Chachiwiri - European chiyambi, kapena nditi Latin, akuchokera mawu "ulusi" ndi "mbewu".

Choncho filigree - ndi njira yeniyeni kuchita unatengera nkhani ya waya woonda chimene chimafika ku zitsulo zamtengo wapatali (siliva, pulatinamu, golide). Ololera, ndithu chabe, waya zingwe.

Azikongoletsa mankhwala amenewa nthawi zambiri ntchito otchedwa mbewu - yaing'ono mipira. Iwo anapanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali - siliva, golide.

Magwero a filigree

Ndi zodabwitsa, koma zinachokera kalelo, akupitiriza ntchito pano pafupifupi mooneka. Kulakwa kuganiza kuti filigree (filigree) zimayamba ku Russia wakale. Izi si choncho. Luso 6-4 zaka BC. e. Kukhala mbali Greece, Egypt, kutsimikizira mkulu mlingo wa mtundu uwu zodzikongoletsera luso. Komabe, njira zojambula kupeza waya samadziwika kalelo. Iwo unapangidwa kuchokera bala zitsulo ndi kulipira ndi kupukuta. Mu Russia, kujambula filigree anakhala ambiri m'zaka 10. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Scania mankhwala mbewu. Ndipo okha 15-16 zaka TH, m'njira anapita zosiyanasiyana kwambiri: enamel, miyala yamtengo wapatali, mitengo.

nsomba Russian

Filigree ku Russia - mtundu wa khadi malonda a pachiyambi Russian zodzikongoletsera luso. Njira imeneyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira osati zodzikongoletsera, komanso wa ziwiya mpingo, malipilo a mabuku opatulika ndi mafano, zida, katundu wa m'nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale ndi filigree chokongoletsedwa Morocco nsapato.

M'zaka za m'ma 17 anatsegula mu Russia, kukambirana wapadera, zomwe ankachita kupanga waya (waya zojambula malonda). Ndipo m'malo zigawo Kalonga zokambirana poyera kumene talente weniweni ntchito filigree choncho. ambuye zotchuka kuti nthawi mbiri magwero kuitana Ivan Fomin ndi Ambrose.

Filigree - ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri mankhwala, zomwe zinali kokha kwa anthu olemera. Ndipotu, anali Buku wosakhwima ntchito, amafuna mbuye wa zaka anapeza zambiri, zimene muli mystique.

Nthawi bwino ndiponso kuchepa

Mu zaka 18-19 filigree Lazaro likufa maluwa nyengo. Osiyanasiyana mankhwala anapanga luso zodzikongoletsera, nthawi zonse poyamba. Zokambirana kuonekera mu mizinda yambiri, ndipo posakhalitsa kusintha kupanga fakitale katundu filigree.

Chiyambi cha m'ma 20, pa zifukwa zoonekeratu, iyo inali nthawi ya kuchepa - nkhondo, kusintha ... Inde, izo sizinali kuti ndinu jeweler a.

Komabe, izo kachiwiri nakhalanso mu Soviet Russia. Ndipo kufika ayamba kuzindikira lonse. Mu 1937 pa chionetsero mu Paris, katundu wa ambuye ku munda "Krasnoselsky mmisiri" analandira n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi, ndi iwo amaonetsa pa chionetsero ku New York (1939).

Anazindikiranso katundu wa ambuye ku mudzi Kazachkova (Nizhny Novgorod chigawo), Mstera m'mudzi (Vladimirovskaya dera), mzinda Privolzhsk (Ivanovo dera).

M'kupita kwa nthawi, kudzakhala fakitale yopanga filigree zodzikongoletsera mu Moscow, Leningrad ndiponso mizinda ina.

Mitundu filigree miyala yamtengo wapatali

Malinga njira kukhazikitsa mankhwala filigree ndi a mitundu itatu. The filigree brazed soldered n'kufika chitsanzo zitsulo gawo lapansi wa waya.

The openwork filigree m'munsi palibe, chito waya amakondana wina ndi mzake, ndipo analandira zachitsulo zingwe. Iwo openwork filigree kunja mChipangano Russian filigree.

Mtundu wachitatu - buku jambulani. Childs, mankhwala wopangidwa mwa magawo angapo. Chotero mbali izi ndi njira kwambiri filigree anachita mosiyana ndi ndiye pamodzi. Kungakhale Mwachitsanzo, mafano nyama, thireyi, woumba, chikho chofukizira. Filigree amapereka mankhwala kuyengedwa ndi m'maganizo.

Zipangizo filigree

Kuyambira kale izo ankakhulupirira kuti kuti agwirizane bwino filigree siliva ndi golide. Wolimba zofewa ndi wopanda chodetsa zitsulo mosavuta kukopedwa mu waya. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi kuti chingapangidwe kuchokera ku 1 galamu ya golide adzakhala kutalika kwa pafupifupi 2500 meters.

Komabe, filigree mankhwala, amene analandira kuchokera zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, choncho anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina kuchepetsa awo mu mtengo.

Makamaka mkuwa, chifukwa ali ductility mkulu ndi softness. Komanso, ulusi mkuwa n'zosavuta siliva kapena golide tsamba.

Ntchito ngati zotayidwa, cupronickel, mkuwa ndi zina zitsulo zina. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuwatengera mwa waya woonda. Pambuyo filigree - ndi mankhwala ongokhala ukufanana ndi waya.

njira filigree kumafuna luso

Ndithudi, aliyense mbuye skanschik ali zidule yakeyake malonda. Ngakhale tsopano, pamene panali kupanga fakitale mankhwala amenewa, chiwerengero cha ntchito yamanja amakhalabe mkulu. Ndipo kwa mbuye, ndi wojambula skilful zimadalira khalidwe zingati ndipo adzakhala chinthu wokondeka, anapanga filigree njira.

The makulidwe a waya kuti mbali zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala, kuchuluka ndi zikuchokera kudya ayezi, kutalika kwa waya woyaka ... zinsinsi ambiri lililonse mbuye. Komabe, magawo chachikulu cha ntchito kukhala sichinasinthe. Kupanga filaments waya okha kusiya si koyenera. Filigree - akadali mwachindunji, nkhani, kapena ngakhale chilengedwe cha zosemasema.

Kusanja waya makulidwe, mbuye amatsutsa ake kapena kusiya yosalala - izo zidalira pa mankhwala, amene amayamba ntchito. Mwa njira, musanayambe izo, ayenera kupanga sewero la mankhwala ndi chachikulu. Ntchito ikuchitika pa chidutswa chilichonse payokha. Iwo maondo mosamalitsa malinga sewero la. Zida Special monga forceps ntchito zala ang'ono ndi lalikulu angakhale naco. Pamene mbali otsegula ntchito dongosolo choyamba glued kuti sewero, ndiyeno brazed pamodzi. Pepala lomwe thumbnail Utsogoleri ndi kutenthedwa pa soldering, chifukwa yekha mankhwala chikhalire.

Brazed filigree kamodzi wokwera pa gawo lapansi zitsulo.

Ndondomeko Final amakhala siliva yokutidwa zinthu ndi kupukuta ake.

kupereka apachiyambi

Kupereka mankhwala a filigree apachiyambi, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera.

The choyamba - ndi ntchito chimanga, yaing'ono mipira. Iwo kale soldered pa chotsirizidwa mu recess mwapadera anakonza. Nthawi yomweyo kupereka zinthu kukongola ndipo zimachita.

Ngakhale zambiri chidwi kungathandize filigree yam'manja. Ndi chiyani icho? Graphic chitsanzo ntchito nkhani yakuti, n'kuwaza aloyi malata, mkuwa, kutsogolera sulfure, siliva. Ndiye kuwombera wochititsidwa, gulu anasungunuka ndi chitsanzo ladzala ndi zikuchokera izi.

Kodi si ine sindikukumbukira njira monga enamelling. Limagwiritsa ntchito misa vitreous, amene ataphimbidwa ndi mankhwala. Owola ndi osiyana kwambiri. Chidwi kwambiri, mwina, utoto, wotchedwa enamel. Zizindikiro Filigree ndi inks akuda, amene mulibe kuwombera.

Pomaliza, anthu amene akufuna kugula zinthu zenizeni filigree, kungakhale bwino zambiri nawo chionetserochi wapadera zodzikongoletsera. Pali osiyanasiyana bwino ndipo ndi akhoza kupeza ntchito yeniyeni ya luso la filigree.