Abstraction Kodi

Kodi abstraction? Munthu aliyense kamodzi pa moyo wake anamva mawu, osati aliyense amadziwa chimene akutanthauza. Mu sayansi amakono, amaganiza kuti abstraction ndi mtundu wa ndondomeko ya chidziwitso cha dziko kunja, imene pali zinthu zina ku mbali iliyonse si zofunikira ndipo mbali ya chodabwitsa (kapena chinthu) kuti athe kuonetsetsa mbali yokulirapo nthawi zonse.

Chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa kupita pa generalization mfundo ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa dongosolo zofunika.

Kodi abstraction? A mwachidule mwachidule mbiri

Mawu "abstraction" mu Latin amatanthauza "chododometsa." Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu anali akufuna ndi Aristotle. Nanga ndi abstraction? Aristotle ankakhulupirira kuti ndi phwando zotengera malingaliridwe a maganizo, nzeru munthu amaganiza ndi kuphunzira chowonadi. Mwa njira, nzeru zapamwamba kukangana kuti amalenga abstraction wa sayansi. Ndipotu, sayansi ndi nzeru - ndi generalization wa lingaliro, amene N'zosatheka maganizo chabe. Mwatsoka, chiphunzitso nzeru zapamwamba wotchuka ali sanapezeke kulandiridwa.

Mu zaka zingapo zotsatira, Anzeru ndi asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti abstraction - otchedwa konsekonse. Pambuyo kuchotsa chipembedzo ndi zamulungu anabwera sayansi, kudalira pa zotsatira za kafukufuku, mfundo imeneyi yakhala tanthauzo losiyana. Iye akhapidziwa kuti abstraction - izo zangokhala mbali maganizo a munthu amene maganizo sanathe mwinamwake kudziwa chikhalidwe indivisible zinthu.

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, maganizo a akatswiri likuvutika maganizo umboni anapita. Ena amaona kuti ndi mbali ya kutsitsimuka, pamene ena amati mawonekedwe nzeru ndi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu aliyense.

Mkota Ziganizo ndi abstraction

Akukhulupirira kuti mfundo umboni - ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba maganizo zowombetsa mkota. Kuyamba kukomoka allocates katundu imalandira wa chinthu, ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimatsatira chizindikiritso ndi kusanthula mtundu sensuous. Choncho, katundu umboni wa chinthu chilichonse atsimikiziridwa pambuyo kusanthula za ubale pakati pawo, kugwirizana ena. Akukhulupirira kuti mawonekedwe apamwamba a generalization amathandiza kuti asonyeze mbali zofunika kwambiri ndi yofunika kwambiri ya zinthu iliyonse.

Abstraction otchedwa kusankha maganizo a makhalidwe ena a zinthu za akonzedwa chomwecho. Choncho, chikumbumtima osati zinthu zingapo katundu zofunika lofunika, komanso kulosera malamulo ena koma sakudziwika.

Mafomu maganizo umboni

Mu zaka masauzande ochepa mophunzira mawonekedwe ngati nzeru za anthu anali kudziŵika mitundu ina ya abstraction. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ife kulankhula za cholinga cha maganizo zowombetsa mkota, tingasiyanitsire mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Ofunda abstraction - ndiyo njira ya kaganizidwe, zimene munthu akuganiza limatchula makhalidwe amenewo wa chinthu, limene palokha kulibe. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe kapena mtundu wa katunduyo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti umu ndi mmene ana kuphunzira nzeru pang'ono. Ofunda abstraction ndi maziko a maganizo ongolankhula.
• Okhutira abstraction - pa phunziro la mutu kuoneka katundu ndi palokha. Mwachitsanzo, lakutali chamoyo maselo (zomwe zili mwa iwo okha) onse ziwalo structural.

Pali mitundu ina ya chidziwitso umboni:

• Chibadwidwe, kapena wosazindikira, umboni - m'kati cognition munthu umabala ena katundu wa chinthu chimodzi pamene kunyalanyaza ena. Mwachitsanzo, munthu umabala mtundu, koma kuganizira mawonekedwe a.
• Generalizing abstraction - pa phunzirolo, akunena yekha kwa katundu ambiri a zinthu, pamene ali zina munthu ali anataya.

Ndipotu, n'zovuta yankho zobweretsa funso kodi abstraction. Mutatha kuwomba nkota pa njira maganizo kungakhale osiyanasiyana ndithu ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana.