Polemekeza wina dzina lake Commander Islands? Maulendowa wa Vitus Bering

Commander Islands ali ndi zilumba, womwenso 4 lalikulu ndi 10 zilumba yaing'ono. Iwo ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja Bering. Iwo lili North Pacific. Bering Nyanja pa mapu ayenera anafuna pakati pa mbali kutali kum'mawa kwa Russia ndi Alaska US. Malinga loyang'anira magawano, ndi zilumba ili mu dera Kamchatka la Chitaganya cha Russia. anthu ochepa mukudziwa, mu ulemu wa ndani dzina lake Islands Commander.

Iwo zogwirizana chikhalidwe Russian ndi Aleut. Yaikulu ndi mapangidwe Bering Island, amene ali ndi elongated kumpoto kwa mtundu kum'mwera. Iwo ali ndi malo a makilomita lalikulu 1.660. Wa formations anayi chilumba anthu moyo chokha. Ena kukhalabe bwinja Commander Islands. Russia ali kwambiri m'madera ndi osalimba otsika anthu. zilumba zimenezi basi kuwachitira.

M'mudzi wa Nikolskoye pa Bering Island pafupifupi 700 anthu. Kuti kumtunda, ayenera kugonjetsa makilomita mazana angapo. The ndege ndege ndi maola 3, ndi njira zina kusuntha pafupifupi kwina. M'nyengo yozizira, chisumbu yokutidwa ndi chisanu ndi kuwomba amphamvu mphepo mafunde. Mu kutentha kwa m'chilimwe amasangalala am'deralo apo. Makamaka chogwidwa ndi nyengo yamvula chifunga lolemera, nthawi zambiri mvula. Yodziwika ndi kusintha lakuthwa mu nyengo.

Maulendowa loyamba Vitus Bering

Zonse zinayamba ndi tsar Russian, amene "anatsegula zenera ku Ulaya." Pa madzulo cha ulamuliro wake , Peter Ine anatenga nawo mbali pa ntchito yolenga miyeso kutsegula malo atsopano kumpoto ndi kum'mawa, komanso pakhale maulendo apanyanja mu US ndi mayiko Indian. Kumayambiriro a 1725, unatha matenda aakulu, tsar Russian kukhala malangizo kwa kukonzekera ntchito "Siberia ulendo", cholinga chomwe chinali kukwaniritsa America kudzera North Sea gombe la kuphunzira ndi kujambula iwo pa mapu pali.

mtsogoleri ulendo anakhala Vitus Bering, kutsegula kwa amene adzakhala zozizwitsa m'tsogolo. Wolowa kwa Dane anagwa, makamaka chifukwa cha kuyesayesa ake mobwerezabwereza kufika m'mphepete American. Komabe, sanathe kudutsa chipata, amene pambuyo pake dzina lake, chifukwa cha anabwerera mu 1730 ku St. Petersburg.

Maulendowa yachiwiri Vitus Bering

Mu likulu la Russian Ufumu Behring lipoti pa ulendo wake boma Anny Ioannovny, komanso latsopano kafukufuku anasonyeza dongosolo, kukangana kufunika kwa kuphunzira madera kumpoto ndi maiko Siberia, kuti athe kusinthanitsa ndi North-West America ndi Japan.

Ndondomeko inatheka ndi kuyenda panyanja Chidanishi, chifukwa mu kukhazikitsa inaperekedwa ndalama kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake Russia unali wolunjika kwa onse Bering anatsegula. Special khama kukhazikitsa ntchito zachita Senate, ndi Admiralty ndi Academy of Sciences. Mu 1732 panali lamulo la Senate pa yokonza wachiwiri Kamchatka ulendo. Iye anadzatchedwa monga Wamkulu kumpoto ulendo. Lamuloli analengeza kuti ulendo ndi kutali kwambiri movutikira ndithu, kwa nthawi yoyamba akuyendera.

Great kumpoto ulendo inayamba mu 1733 ndipo inatha mu 1743. Atafufuza zotsatira zimene mungapeze, polemekeza ndani dzina lake Islands Commander. Maulendowa inkakhala magulu 7, amene palokha Chrixitu. zombo 10 munkakhala anthu 580. Ntchito za lililonse limakhala m'gulu Kupenda anakonzeratu osiyanasiyana.

magulu ntchito

Choyamba kumuwombera, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi lieutenants Stepan Muravev ndi Mikhail Pavlov, ndinatenga kuchokera Arkhangelsk. Anangobwera kudzachitira kufufuza zone m'mphepete mwa nyanja pakati pa Pechora ndi ob mlomo.

Unit chachiwiri, yemwe ankapita ku Tobolsk, analamula mkulu wotchedwa Dmitry Ovtsyn. Iye ankafunika kufufuza nyanja kum'mawa kwa Gulf wa ob kwa kumpoto kwa Taimyr Peninsula kapena Khatanga.

Mkulu Vasily Pronchishchev anatsogolera detachment lachitatu, amene ntchito anali kufufuza gombe, kumadzulo kwa m'kamwa mwa Lena. Pamodzi ndi Russian kapitawo mu kusambira anapita mkazi wake Tatiana. Iye anakhala mkazi woyamba nawo ulendo kumalo ozizira.

Mutu wa detachment chachinayi anakhala msilikali Peter Lasinius, atamwalira amene kuyang'anira anaikidwa wotchedwa Dmitry Laptev. Zolinga za gulu la ofufuza m'gulu kuphunzira gombe kum'mawa, kuyambira ku m'kamwa mwa Lena kwa masiku Bering Strait.

Pa mutu wa wagawo wachisanu anali mwachindunji ndi Bering. Iwo nyota za munthu uyu m'tsogolo adzakhala yankho ku funso lakuti: "? Kulemekeza munthu dzina lake Commander Islands". kumuwombera chachisanu anafuna kufufuza Kamchatka ndi North-West America ndi chilumba alipo mu North Pacific Ocean.

Chimodzi detachment motsogozedwa ndi Martin Shpanberg kupeza za Islands Kuril ndi kugombe Japanese. Zolinga za kumuwombera chiwiri, dzina lake maphunziro, anaphatikizapo kuphunzira malo mkati mwa Siberia. mutu wake anaikidwa Professor Gerhard Miller. Ntchito ofufuza 'unachitikira mu mode chinsinsi.

Kukwaniritsa gulu loyamba

Choyamba kumuwombera watha zaka 4 kusamukira ku Arkhangelsk kuti m'kamwa mwa ob Mtsinje. bwino kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi zimene anatsegula Behring), ofufuza sanapindulebe - wafotokozedwapo mwachilungamo yaing'ono gombe dera Ugra mpira ndi Matveev Island, Long ndi Local. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha mlili wa zikamera wa chiseyeye, amene anali ndikutchetcha mamembala a ulendo pafupifupi kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira a kuyenda.

Panali mavuto chilango mwa anthuwo, polinga kuti apindule kuti ntchito Chilango chaukali cha lotsatira. The wotsogolera gulu loyamba panali kusagwirizana, koma m'nyengo yozizira anthu wamba anakumana kuvutitsidwa ndi forwarders katundu tsiku limene analandira madandaulo. Pambuyo pake panali kusintha utsogoleri, lamulirani gulu anakhala msilikali Stepan Malygin, amene pambuyo pake anamaliza ntchito ya gulu loyamba.

Kukwaniritsa gulu lachiwiri

Maulendowa wa Vitus Bering mu gawo lachiwiri la wagawo anali wokhoza Mokhumbira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi gulu loyamba. Pa ntchito yake, ya detachment Ovtsyna kapitawo kumaliza ntchito, zomwe zokhudzana ndi kuphunzira gombe kuchokera mkamwa mwa ob kwa Yenisei. Atafika wotsogolera gulu St. Petersburg anali demoted patapita zaka zitatu kuchokera pa chiyambi cha ulendo, pa maziko a zochita za ndale. Iye akutchedwa ubwenzi wabwino ndi Prince Dolgoruky, amene anali mu ndende.

Kenako, gulu lachiwiri la mitu kukhala Fedor Minin ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Sterlegov. Pa ulendo woyamba Minin anali kupita kokha m'kamwa mwa Yenisei. Ndiye m'chilimwe cha chaka chotsatira anasamukira kum'mawa. Koma pambuyo kudutsa angapo zilumba zazing'ono, anakumana ndi ayezi, Minin anaganiza kuti asiye njira yake. Sterlegov m'dziko yokutidwa mtunda kumpoto kwa m'kamwa mwa Yenisei Mtsinje Cape lomwe kenako unatchedwa monga iye. Kamchatka ulendo wa kumuwombera chachiwiri Vitus Bering pa nkhani imeneyi.

Komabe, pakati pa atsogoleri atsopano a gulu lachiwiri panali kusamvana. Nditabwerera ku ulendo ndi anayambitsa mlandu zinachititsa Minin anali demoted kwa anthuwo kwa zaka 2.

Zipambano za unit lachitatu

The detachment lachitatu mkati mwa "Yakutsk" kuchokera mkamwa mwa Lena unachitikira njira zake chakumadzulo. Kamodzi anafika pakamwa pa Olenek, mutu Pronchishchev gulu anaganiza m'nyengo yozizira. Pambuyo kumuwombera izi anapitiriza ulendo kugonjetsa ayezi lolemera. Akufika pa gombe la pa Taimyr Peninsula kuchokera kummawa, ndi ofufuza chifukwa sungathe kupitiriza njira kumbuyo pakamwa pa Olenek.

Pambuyo Pronchishchev imfa 1736 anakhala mtsogoleri wa detachment Chariton Laptev. Katundu forwarders amaliza gombe la Taimyr Peninsula ndi dziko.

Zipambano za unit chachinayi

kumuwombera chachinayi anataya ndithu anthu chifukwa chiseyeye, amene anafa chifukwa cha mutu wake - Peter Lasinius, komanso mamembala 35 a ulendo wa. Mtsogoleri anali wotchedwa Dmitry Laptev, amene bwino kufufuza gombe pakati pa Lena ndi Kolyma. Lamulo lake, detachment chachinayi ali ankayesetsa circumvent ndi Chukotka Peninsula ndi kufikira mwa nyanja ku Kamchatka, koma sizinathandize.

Zipambano za wagawo wachisanu. Kupezeka kwa Islands Mtsogoleri

Gulu chachisanu kutsogoleredwa ndi Bering pa maboti makalata "St. Peter "ndi" Saint. Paulo "walunjika North America. July 15, 1741, kwa nthawi yoyamba, pakuwona kapitawo kumtunda "St. Paulo "Alexei Chirikov. Patapita masiku angapo chombo anapita kumtunda motsogozedwa Bering. Chifukwa mkuntho "St. Peter "anali pa chilumba chipululu, kumene mkulu woyendetsa anafa chiseyeye. M'manda a anthu akufa a ulendo anapezeka 1991.

Choncho, mu ulemu wa ndani dzina lake Commander Islands? Polemekeza Commander Vitus Bering. Koma imakhudza mayina a zilumba. Khwalala ndi Nyanja Bering pa mapu kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean komanso dzina la mtsogoleri wamkulu.

Zipambano za magulu ndi chimodzi ndi chiwiri

Zikomo malamulo chimodzi ndi chiwiri chidatengedwa mfundo zothandiza dera, miyala, ethnographic munda kumpoto ndi kum'mawa Siberia, komanso momasuka ndi kuphunzira Kuril Islands ndi kumpoto kwa Japan.