Kuthawa mathamangidwe

chinthu chilichonse kuponyedwa oposa, posapita nthawi, ndi pansi, kukhala mwala, pepala kapena nthenga yosavuta. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ilili anapezerapo danga theka zapitazo, wailesi danga kapena mwezi kupitiriza atembenuza m'njira zawo, ngati sagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kukopa kwa dzikoli. Zachitikiranji zimenezi? N'chifukwa chiyani mwezi alibe anamuopseza kuti agwere pa dziko lapansi, ndi Earth chikubwera kwa Sun? Sizichita pa iwo chilengedwe kukoka?

tidziwa njira sukulu sayansi, kuti chilengedwe kukoka amachita pa thupi chuma. Ndiye n'zomveka kuganiza kuti pali mphamvu inayake, neutralizing zotsatira yokoka. Mphamvu imeneyi imatchedwa centrifugal. kugwira ntchito N'zosavuta kukhala womangidwa ku mapeto amodzi a ulusi katundu wamng'ono ndi unwind mu bwalo. Kwakukulu liwiro kasinthasintha wa mavuto mphamvu ulusi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono ife atembenuza katundu wamkulu n'kutheka kuti idzagwa pansi.

Kotero ife tiri pafupi kwambiri ndi maganizo "kuthawa mathamangidwe." Mu Mwachidule, tinganene kuti liwiro anafotokoza, kulola chinthu chilichonse kuthana ndi kukopa kwa thupi lakumwamba. Monga kumwamba thupi dziko, mwezi ake, dongosolo dzuwa kapena ena akhoza kuchita. Space mathamangidwe ndi chinthu chilichonse choyenda mu kanjira kake. Mwa njira, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a kanjira wa danga chinthu zimadalira kukula ndi malangizo a mathamangidwe kuti chinthu anali pa nthawi ya shutdown injini, ndi kutalika limene chochitika zinachitika.

Anapulumutsa mathamangidwe ndi a mitundu inayi. Yachidule wa iwo - uyu ndiye woyamba. Ichi ndi mlingo wotsikitsitsa, amene ayenera kukhala pa spacecraft, kotero kuti Iye adalowa kanjira zozungulira. Mtengo wake zingadziŵike mwa chilinganizo zotsatirazi:

V1 = √μ / r Mukhoza, kumene

μ - geocentric Mphamvu zonse (μ = 398603 * 10 (9) M3 / S2);

r Mukhoza - mtunda kuchokera pa chiyambi kuloza ku likulu la Dziko.

Chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwe a dziko lathuli si malo wangwiro (mizati zikuoneka kuti pang'ono flattened), mtunda kuchokera pakati pamwamba koposa zonse pa equator - 6378,1 • 10 (3) m, ndi otsika mizati - 6356,8 • 10 (3) mamita Ngati timatenga kufunika pafupifupi -. • 6371 10 (3) m, timapeza V1 wofanana 7,91 Km / s.

Kwakukulu danga mathamangidwe kuposa mtengo uwu, mawonekedwe kwambiri elongated adzakhala tikhale kanjira, kuchoka Earth pa mtunda kuwonjezeka. Panthawi ina, kanjira izi adzaswa, afanane ndi parabola, ndipo spacecraft kupita kukasambira kukula kwa mlengalenga. Kuti achoke ku dziko sitimayo ayenera kupulumuka mathamangidwe. Iwo akhoza kuchita masamu malinga ndi chilinganizo V2 = √2μ / r Mukhoza. Kwa dziko lathuli, chithunzi ichi ndi 11.2 Km / s.

Zakuthambo waonetsedwa kale, chimene ndi kuthawa mathamangidwe, onse woyamba ndi wachiwiri, aliyense wa dziko lapansili zathu. Ndi wosavuta kudziwa malinga mitunduyi pamwamba, ngati wina m'malo mwa μ mosalekeza mankhwala FM, kumene M - Unyinji wa thupi wakumwamba chidwi, f - yokoka zonse (f = 6.673 x 10 (-11) M3 / (makilogalamu × S2).

Wachitatu dziko liwiro adzalola aliyense spacecraft kuthetsa kukopa kwa dzuwa ndi kusiya nyumba yawo dongosolo dzuwa. Ngati akuyembekezera kuti dzuwa, inu kupeza phindu 42,1 km / m. Ndipo kuti akafike ku kanjira Earth pafupi Dzuŵa ayenera imathandizira kuti 16,6 km / m.

Ndipo potsiriza, wachinayi dziko mathamangidwe nkhani. Mothandizidwa ndi mzimuwo, mungagonjetse Chikoka kwa mlalang'amba pachokha. Mtengo wake zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi ndondomeko ya Way a. Mu wathu Milky Way , mtengo uwu pafupifupi 550 Km / s (ngati inu mumawerengera wachibale kwa dzuwa).