Troposphere - kodi izo ...? The katundu ndi zikuchokera troposphere ndi

Troposphere - ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za m'mlengalenga. Iwo ali kowonekera kwambiri pa dziko ndi bwino kufufuza ndi munthu. Kodi zinthu troposphere? Kodi katundu motani?

The zigawo za mlengalenga

Envelopu gaseous wa dziko otchedwa m'mlengalenga. Ankaoneka unakhala Dziko Lapansi. Pa pansi ndi pokhudzana ndi padziko kutumphuka ndi hydrosphere, kumtunda - chikugwirizana ndi danga lakunja.

Mpweya umayenda ndi dziko ndipo unachitikira pafupi chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. katundu, monga osalimba, zikuchokera, kutentha, chinyezi, zimasiyana mbali zosiyanasiyana. Malinga mpweya thumba lawo chikhalidwe lagawidwa m'zigawo zingapo - zigawo. ndi zigawo za m'mlengalenga ali chiyani?

The troposphere ndi otsika. Pali aumbike mwa nyengo, pali mitambo. Ndiyeno pa stratosphere. Lili zambiri ozoni, chimene chikutsimikizira mbali ya ultraviolet poizoniyu, kupanga zochepa owopsa kwa ife. Wosanjikiza ozizira ndi mesosphere. Kutentha m'menemo chawonetsedwa pansipa madigiri -90.

Pafupifupi 90 ndi msinkhu wa makilomita mpaka 500 ndi thermosphere. Ndi mu iyi zotsatira wosanjikiza mu Aurora. Chifukwa wambirimbiri maatomu ionized ndi mesosphere thermosphere pamodzi amatchedwa "ionosphere". Otsiriza wosanjikiza - exosphere. Iye anali ochepa kwambiri ndipo palibe Omveka akunja, merging bwino ndi danga interplanetary.

troposphere

The troposphere - wosanjikiza mpweya akuyamba padziko Lapansi. Iye ali kowonekera kwambiri pa dziko. Kutalika kwa troposphere chimadalira pa ufulu wa. Mu zigawo kumalo ozizira, izo zikutsiriza pa msinkhu wa makilomita 10, m'madera a kunyanja ya poleka chapamwamba makilomita 18.

The mmunsi mwa troposphere imatchedwa ndi mapulaneti malire wosanjikiza. wochindikala ndi kwa wina ndi makilomita awiri. Pali mogwirizana kwambiri yogwira ndi thumba hydrosphere mpweya ndi pamwamba olimba a Dziko Lapansi.

Ndi troposphere stratosphere sakutero abut mwachindunji. Pakati pawo pali mungafike wosanjikiza - tropopause amene makulidwe ranges kuchokera mamita mazana ochepa makilomita awiri. Kutentha m'menemo si zimasiyana ndi kutalika, mosiyana troposphere lapansi. Kutalika kwa wosanjikiza wa zingasiyane: izo amachepetsa ndi zowononga ndi anticyclones - ukuwonjezeka.

kapangidwe

Troposphere - ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mpweya. Chimachititsa oposa 75 kulemera% ya gasbag lapansi. The troposphere lili lonse la nthunzi ya madzi mpweya (98%). The zigawo otsala ali pafupifupi wopanda chigawo ichi.

Pa pansi, pamwamba mlingo wa wosanjikiza ndi 99% aerosols alipo envelopu mpweya. Iwo particles bwino anamuukitsa kwa misa pansi mpweya: fumbi, mamolekyulu utsi, mbewu spores, nyanja mchere.

Air troposphere kwambiri ladzala ndi mpweya ndi asafe. Iwo ali nawo kufalitsa zinthu m'chilengedwe ndipo ndi Gawo kuti ndi zofunika pa moyo padziko lapansi. Total oxygen pa 21% misa, ndi asafe mpweya - 78%.

Mu troposphere, ndi okhutira mkulu wa argon ndi carbon dioxide, poyerekeza ndi zigawo zina. Komanso, lili ndi m'nyanjazi otsala a m'mlengalenga (Neon, amoniya, xenon, radon, helium, wa hydrogen, ozoni ndi zina zotero. D.), Koma ndalama zazing'ono.

thupi katundu

Waukulu thupi wosanjikiza magawo ali osalimba, chinyezi wokhutira, kutentha ndi mavuto. katundu Awa ndi chinthu chofunika mapangidwe nyengo ndi nyengo pa Dziko Lapansi. M'madera osiyana ndi M'madera a zitunda osiyana zizindikiro zawo sizili zofanana.

Padziko lapansili, makamaka nyanja amasonkhana kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi akuupereka kwa mlengalenga. Choncho, kutentha pansi mu troposphere kwambiri. Chinyezi komanso bwino m'madera a pansi pa wosanjikiza ndi amachepetsa ndi kutalika. Komanso mmoyo kutentha - iliyonse mamita zana kukweza kutalika yafupika ndi madigiri 0,65, mpaka umalandira tropopause.

The kachulukidwe ndi kuthamanga komanso amachepetsa ndi kutalika. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga pa pamwamba wosanjikiza ndi 6-7 nthawi osachepera pa mlingo nyanja. The kachulukidwe amachepetsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, koma chingasinthe kwambiri noticeable.

Mpweya umakhala ochepa ndipo muli zochepa mpweya ndi asafe pa wagawo buku. Chifukwa cha ichi, mu mapiri amakhala kupuma molimbika yaitali kukhala pamalo okwera mkulu limapezeka anoxia.

nyengo mapangidwe

The troposphere - wosanjikiza mpweya, amene ali ambiri mwachangu interacts ndi padziko Lapansi. katundu thupi amakhudzidwa ndi nyengo pa dziko.

Kusiyana kuthamanga, kachulukidwe ndi kutentha kwa mpweya amalenga gulu linalake. The yozizira ndi lolemererapo misa mpweya amakonda madera kachulukidwe m'munsi, ndi kutentha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapanga amadzibisa, zowononga ndi anticyclones, zomwe kudziwa nyengo.

Mphepo troposphere ndi kumawonjezera ndi okwera. Kumalire ndi tropopause, ndi katatu kuposa wa dziko lapansili. Imakhala kufalitsa m'mlengalenga, kusunthira onse meridional ndi latitudinal malangizo.

Mphepo komanso nawo mayendedwe a chinyontho ndi aerosols. Mu troposphere iwo kugwira mpweya woipa (methane, ozoni, mpweya woipa), osalola kuti apewe. Iwo kudziunjikira mu mlengalenga zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe osiyanasiyana mitambo. Ndipo condensation awo kumabweretsa mpweya.