MAGAZI: LYM decoding ana (a ponseponse)

Mkubwela kwa mwana kuchokera kwa makolo awo, pali zambiri zodabwitsa ndi zosaiŵalika mphindi. Kumwetulira choyamba, mawu oyamba, njira yoyamba. zikayenda onsewa mwana wofunika kwambiri kwa makolo ake. Mayi ndi bambo akuyesetsa kuti mwana wanu zokhazokha ndi kuteteza ku mitundu yonse ya masoka. Koma ngakhale wachifundo ndipo amatiyang'anira, mwana amakonda kudwala.

Amateteza mwanayo ku matenda?

Kulowa dziko la chayekha cha mimba, mwana anakumana ndi dziko ambiri tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

ankadziwa wake ndi oimira zing'onozing'ono mitundu ya moyo umayamba ndi mpweya choyamba. Pakuti wosabala chamoyo mwana chamoyo chilichonse amanyamula kuopseza. Koma, mwamwayi, chikhalidwe watenga chisamaliro cha zolengedwa ndi njakata, awarding iye chitetezo champhamvu - chitetezo chokwanira. The chitetezo cha ana akhanda amadalira pa mayi wake. Mayi angathe kupatsa thupi mfundo zamphamvu mwana pamodzi ndi madontho woyamba wa mkaka. Choncho chikhalidwe anafuna, ndi bwino palibe munthu angathe kuganiza kapena kuyambitsa.

Koma mwana sangathe kupirira tizilombo zonse zimene zimachitika mu moyo wake. Monga Chifukwa msonkhano - yatsoka matenda. Pa kudziwika zizindikiro mwana, ife tifulumire kuona katswiri - dokotala. Mosamala kuyendera mwana wanu, adokotala amalangiza kwa chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha atayezetsa.

Kodi ali wokhoza kunena atayezetsa?

Complete magazi kusanthula akhoza kukuuzani zambiri za chikhalidwe thupi la mwanayo pa mphindi. MAGAZI, decoding, LYM - mfundo izi zonse ziri zofunika kwa dokotala. Pakuti chizindikiro ichi, adokotala akhoza adzaweruza dziko la chitetezo chokwanira kwa mwana wanu.

Kodi MAGAZI, LYM, icho chiri ndi chifukwa chake muyenera? Choncho, muli mndandanda ndi zambiri zosokoneza kwa zizindikiro pafupifupi munthu ndi manambala. Sangawazindikire yekha ndi katswiri zachipatala. Koma kumvetsa chinachake chifukwa munthu wopanda maphunziro akatswiri. Mwachitsanzo, kodi LYM? Analysis magazi, decoding wa lopatsidwa zotsatirazi zikuthandizani kumvetsa ndi ndondomeko ya zamankhwala.

Kawirikawiri, mu pepala ndi zotsatira za n'kulemba wathunthu magazi limakhudzanso za mfundo zazikulu zotsatirazi:

• HB - hemoglobin. chithunzi Izi zikusonyeza zili ndi mapuloteni wapadera mu magazi, amene ali chotengera cha mpweya mu thupi laumunthu.
• HT - Hematocrit. Mtengo wa chizindikiro ichi chikusonyeza chiŵerengero wa maselo a mwazi ndi madzi.
• Komiti Yomanga Yachigawo - maselo ofiira. Zimenezi ndi umafananirako ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi, monga erythrocytes - maselo ofiira - ali ndi puloteni imeneyi zofunika.
• CPU - mtundu index. Umasonyeza chiŵerengero cha hemoglobin index ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo a magazi.
• WBC - maselo oyera. maganizo amenewa amanena zambiri za zomwe zili mu matupi amachititsa atasemphana wa chamoyo matenda osiyanasiyana.
• NEU - neutrophils. kudziwa zimenezi amapereka zambiri za maselo a chitetezo chokwanira titadziwa, amene ntchito ndi kuyamwa ndi n'chongoletsa matupi ena ndi zamoyo.
• Mbo - eosinophils. Maselo amenewa amakhalanso si yeniyeni chitetezo chokwanira cha munthu, chomwe kumaonekera ziwengo ndi matenda parasitic.
• LYM - lymphocytes. Zimenezi analongosola mkhalidwe wa chitetezo chokwanira yeniyeni ndipo zimaonetsa njira yotupa mu thupi la munthu. Kwa akatswiri kuphunzira MAGAZI, decoding LYM nkhani kwambiri.
• PLT - othandiza magazi kuundana. Izi corpuscles wapadera ndi udindo clotting magazi ndipo adsorbed pa zotsala za mankhwala zinyalala m'thupi.
• ESR - erythrocyte mlingo sedimentation. Mtengo wa chizindikiro ichi akuuza dokotala zokhudza kukhala mu kutupa thupi kapena matenda ena pathological.

Limodzi Chiwerengerochi ali anasonyeza kwenikweni wapezeka mfundo mfundo malire. Ndicho chimene kudziwa ali ndi magazi. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti pa LYM ana ikuchitika malinga ndi zaka mwanayo. Standard zizindikiro kusintha akamakula mwana wanu.

Kodi lymphocytes?

Kodi limatiuza kwachinsinsi acronym LYM? A atayezetsa, amene mawu olembedwa ali mukudziwa, ananena kuti magazi particles yeniyeni - lymphocytes.

Lymphocytes ndi maselo a mwazi, ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha munthu. gulu agranulocytes, choyimira cha maselo oyera a magazi, amene amatchedwa "maselo oyera". B lymphocytes ntchito monga zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kupereka chitetezo chokwanira kapena humoral oteteza ayankhe.
• Polumikizana ndi maselo - akuvutika. Imakhala chitetezo chokwanira pa mlingo ma.
• Activities kwa lamulo zina selo.

Mlingo wabwinobwino wa lymphocytes ana ndi 30 - 70% (malingana ndi msinkhu). Koma magazi lili zosakwana 2% ya maselo onse oyera a m'magazi, kotero onse a iwo omwazika thupi lonse ndi anakhazikika, zimakhala ndi. atayezetsa dokotala Oweruza normality wa lymphocytes mu thupi. Pakuti chofunika LYM index (magazi mayeso). Decoding (ponseponse likupezeka kumeneko) kukuuza. Choyenera kuchita zimene chiwerengero choposa ponseponse, amatchedwa lymphocytosis. Ngati zili awo ali pansipa malire, ndiye amatchedwa leukopenia.

Mbali wapadera ndi luso maselo oyera kuzindikira antigens. Lymphocytes anapanga mu ziwalo izi kwa thupi: ndi tonsils, lymph mfundo, ndulu, Peyer a yamawangamawanga, mafupa, ndi zakumapeto. Mu kupumula maselo ndi maselo yaing'ono mdima yofiira pachimake. Phata lili wambirimbiri chromatin ndi cytoplasm mitochondria pang'ono ili mu mawonekedwe anamwazikana. Ngati ife akokere kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa lymphocytes, mitundu iwiri angakhale wolemekezeka:

• Large granular mtundu maselo (zambiri NK-maselo, kawirikawiri - immunoblast ndi lymphoblasts mu mkhalidwe magawano).
• maselo Small (T ndi B-lymphocytes).

Kuchokera pa ntchito kuti ntchito lymphocytes mu thupi, iwo anawagawa zitatu zazikulu: B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes ndi NK-maselo.

B-lymphocytes

B maselo - ndi maselo amatha kudziwa ndondomeko ankhanza kapena antigens. Poyankha, iwo amapanga mamolekyulu wapadera mapuloteni chikhalidwe - chitetezo.

Mu mawonekedwe a B-lymphocytes kusandulika za 10-20% ya maselo yeniyeni. Mbali ya nyumba awa ali mu kukumbukira kukhudzana ndi wothandizila yachilendo, kaya ndi HIV, ndi bakiteriya kapena pawiri mankhwala, chiphunzitso ndi njira yake yapadera ya neutralization. Ngakhale maselo amenewa amoyo, kusunga kukumbukira zinazake. iwo amathanso kupereka malangizowo ku utangoyamba B-lymphocytes. Ndi kupyolera maselo amenewa ndi angathe kugwira njira ya katemera.

T lymphocytes

T - lymphocytes ndi achilendo owongolera ya chitetezo chokwanira. amanena m'magazi - 60-85% ya lymphocytes okwana. A atayezetsa, LYM mawu olembedwa adzasonyeza chimodzimodzi mtundu wa lymphocyte. Zofunika za magulu maselo kulowa thymus kapena thymus, kumene ndondomeko ya kusasitsa awo. N'chifukwa chake amatchedwa T-lymphocytes. Maselo amenewa anawagawa mitundu ingapo:

• T-lymphocytes kubala CD4 pentopeni. Iwo nawo lamulo la zosiyanasiyana ndondomeko ya B-lymphocytes ndi kupanga chitetezo.
• T lymphocytes, CD4 chikhomo zonyamulira. corpuscles Izi kulowa mogwirizana ndi phagocytes, ndi kuwathandiza n'chongoletsa mabakiteriya maselo. magulu awiri a CD4 chikhomo onyamula amaphatikizidwa mu gulu la T maselo mthandizi.
• T-suppressor angathe kupondereza munthu amene m'thupi kapena zotsatira cytotoxic pa Antigen kapena kumasulidwa kwa cytokines kapena chizindikiro kupereka lamulo negative.
• T-lymphocytes kusenza CD8 chikhomo, wotchedwa T-wakupha. Maselo amenewa amatha kuzindikira ndi kuwononga dongosolo kachilombo mavairasi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena okhudza maselo ambiri.

Ntchito yaikulu ya T-lymphocytes mu anthu:

• Kudzutsa B lymphocytes kuti zikupitiriza ndi kusiyanitsa.
• Luso kupondereza ayankhe m'thupi.
• The antigenic kulunjika kwa T-mthandizi ndi T-wakupha maselo.

NK-maselo

NK - lymphocytes ndi ulamuliro khalidwe ntchito ya maselo onse mu thupi la munthu. Iwo chifukwa cha 5-20% wa lymphocytes onse.

Kuzindikira selo chosayenerera, NK - lymphocyte likhoza kuwononga izo. NK chidule amayimira «Natural wakupha» ( «zachilengedwe wakupha"), zimene zikusonyeza mmene mankhwala awa ma. Kupeza kusiyana mu chikhomo selo, NK - lymphocyte kuthetsa izo, kupereka chiyero histological mu thupi la munthu. Zimenezi umalimbana makamaka kumenyana zotupa khansa ndi maselo kusandulika ndi mavairasi.

Choncho, MAGAZI zilipo (mawu olembedwa LYM) adzawauza dotolo za wabwinobwino ngati zili mwana lymphocyte. Pa nthawi imeneyi, tikhoza kulankhula za wabwinobwino, okwera kapena yafupika zili maselo amenewa m'magazi. Normal lymphocyte zili anasonyeza tebulo.

Table zizindikiro yovomerezeka lymphocytes

Zowaphunzitsa kwambiri kufufuza chizindikiro ichi ndi wathunthu magazi (mawu olembedwa LYM yu). Lymphocytes (kanjedza zilipo poyerekeza mwakale) adzawauza za okwera kapena yafupika zili zinthu izi mu magazi.

nkhani zikuluzikulu wa lymphocytes (lymphocytosis)

Pali mitundu iwiri ya lymphocytosis:

• Kuwonjezeka wachibale wa lymphocytes mu magazi amayankhula yekha za kuchuluka bwino yotsirizira mu okwana leucocyte kuwerengedwa. Chiwerengero cha lymphocytes si kuchuluka. MAGAZI (mawu olembedwa LYM) tilongosolere kwa chiwerengero chawo. Wachibale leukocytosis khalidwe la tayifodi, fuluwenza, magazi m'thupi Birmera, splenomegaly aakulu, aleukia, matenda endocrine (Addison ndi manda 'matenda), mitundu ina ya vitamini akusowa, kutopa thupi, kutupikana, boma pambuyo katemera prophylactic ndi pamene kuchira pambuyo matenda pachimake.
• Kuwonjezeka mtheradi mu lymphocytes khalidwe kwa zochita aakulu ndi mtima wabwino chindoko pambuyo makonzedwe subcutaneous wa Epinephrine, chosaopsa TB, pertussis (osakaniza leukocytosis), zilonda angina, lymphatic khansa.

Yafupika zili lymphocytes (lymphocytopenia)

Lymphopenia kapena lymphocytopenia angakhalenso mitundu iwiri:

• The lymphopenia wachibale, amapezeka ambiri a milandu, m'kukoma kutsitsa kuchuluka lymphocytes mu leukocyte chilinganizo. Pankhaniyi, Mtheradi lymphocyte achiyesa kungakhale labwinobwino kapena okwera. chodabwitsa ndi zina mwa mieloza leukemic, leukocytosis (sepsis, lobar chibayo).
• Mtheradi leukopenia ali osowa. Ndi mmene kwa nthenda pachimake mu mawonekedwe kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa sepsis pachimake, chikuku, sarcomas, lymph mfundo TB, matenda a khansa. LYM (magazi wathunthu chizengerezo; decoding zizindikiro zonse) kudziwa akatswiri matenda ndi kupenda wodwalayo.

Kufunsa zimene akatswiri zidzafunidwe?

Malangizo ndi kupeza njira za zoyera magazi kuvutika achiyesa selo, matenda zolondola Pakufunika mokambilana ndi panthawiyi, dokotala dokotala phthisiatrician ndi Venereology. nkhani kwambiri kwa akatswiri amenewa Ndondomekoyi Decoding LYM (chithunzi ichi kuchuluka kapena kuchepa) kuthandiza kuti matenda zolondola. Pamene zovuta kuona ndi yake akatswiri chithandizo nthawi zonse mwayi kuti apeze zonse za mtima.