Antidiuretic timadzi (ADH). The katulutsidwe wa timadzi antidiuretic

Vasopressin - antidiuretic timadzi - opangidwa ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, amene ankakhala mu zapambuyo pituitary (neurohypophysis). timadzi Izi zipangitsa homeostasis mu thupi la munthu, chingakuthandizeni madzi. Mwachitsanzo, madzi m'thupi kapena kutaya magazi chachikulu mchikakamizo cha vasopressin monga njira kuonetsetsa kuti kutha kwa imfa madzimadzi. Choncho, timadzi antidiuretic (ADH) chabe salola kuti ziume.

Kodi ADH ndi apanga?

Antidiuretic timadzi opangidwa ku manyuroni lalikulu khungu la supraoptic phata la ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha ndi chimango kuti neyrofizinom (Mchitsime, mapuloteni). Ndiponso, mwachindunji kwa a Lobe kumbuyo kwa hypophysis ndi apo kudziunjikira pa manyuroni hypothalamic. Akamavutika kumeneko chimatilowetsa m'magazi. ADH katulutsidwe zimakhudza:

1. magazi (BP).
2. madzi a m'magazi osmolarity.
3. Voliyumu ya magazi akufalitsa mu thupi.

Zotsatira zamoyo timadzi odana diuretic

Pamene mkulu magazi katulutsidwe wa timadzi antidiuretic kuletsedwa ndi Tikawonetsetsa kugwa magazi ndi 40% wa yachibadwa vasopressin kaphatikizidwe akhoza ziwonjezeke kwa alipidwa chofunika tsiku la nthawi 100.

madzi a m'magazi osmolarity mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi electrolyte zikuchokera magazi. Pamene osmolarity magazi imagwera pansipa mfundo zochepa zovomerezeka, akuyamba chodziwa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa vasopressin mu magazi. Ndi kuwonjezeka mu plasma osmolality pamwamba pa chovomerezeka mchikhalidwe munthu wa ludzu. A ntchito za wambiri madzi limaleka mpweya wa timadzi lapansi. Choncho, chitetezo ikuchitika ndi madzi m'thupi.

Kodi antidiuretic timadzi umakhudza kusintha mu buku la kufalitsidwa magazi? Ngati chachikulu kutaya magazi ndi maselo apadera imapezeka atrium lamanzere, ndipo anaitana volyumoretseptorami kuyankha kuchepa mu Volume m'magazi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi dontho. tenepa akulowa neurohypophysis ndi akuchira vasopressin ukuwonjezeka. The timadzi ochitachita kanthu pa Mitsempha ndi maselo awo itsekeke pang'ono ndi lumen. Izi zimathandiza kuti analeka magazi ndi zina kumathandiza akuponya magazi.

Kupondelezedwa kwa kaphatikizidwe ndi katulutsidwe wa ADH

matenda amenewa akhoza kugwirizana ndi chiwerengero osakwanira wa vasopressin kapena owonjezera ake. Mwachitsanzo, ndi shuga insipidus pali msinkhu osakwanira wa ADH, pamene syndrome Constantin ion Parhon overabundance ake.

shuga insipidus

Mu matenda, aimpso reabsorption wa madzi amachepetsa kwambiri. Izi zikhoza ntchito ndi mavuto awiri:

1. Zosayenera katulutsidwe wa vasopressin - pankhani shuga insipidus chiyambi chapakati.
2. Yafupika impso poyankha ADH - izi zimachitika pamene neurogenic mawonekedwe a shuga insipidus.

Odwala matenda izi kudwala tsiku diuresis akhoza kufika malita 20. Mkodzo pamene otsika ndende. Odwala amakhala ndi ludzu ndipo kumwa kwambiri a madzimadzi. Kupeza mtundu wa mawonekedwe a shuga insipidus mtima amavutika ntchito analogue wa timadzi vasopressin - mankhwala "Desmopressin". Zotsatira achire mankhwala kumaonekeranso yekha pa mawonekedwe chapakati cha matenda.

syndrome kogwiritsa antidiuretic katulutsidwe timadzi

Limatchedwanso matenda a katulutsidwe zosayenera wa ADH. Matendawa limodzi ndi katulutsidwe kwambiri a vasopressin, pamene pali yafupika osmotic kuthamanga kwa madzi a m'magazi. Motero pali zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kukokana kwa minofu ndi omangana.
• Nseru, kusafuna kudya, nkotheka kusanza.
• N'zotheka ulesi, chikomokere.

chikhalidwe wodwala chatsitsa pamene thupi madzimadzi (m'nsinga kapena chakumwa). Pamene chiletso choopsa cha madyedwe madzimadzi ndi Kulipira mtsempha kulowetsedwa odwala ku chikhululukiro.

Kodi zizindikiro zikusonyeza msinkhu osakwanira wa vasopressin?

Ngati antidiuretic timadzi ndi apanga chikusoŵa, anthu ena amene anakumanapo:

• ludzu kwambiri.
• Pafupipafupi pokodza.
• Dryness wa khungu, amene nthawi zonse patsogolo.
• Kusafuna kudya.
• Mavuto ndi kapepala m'mimba (gastritis, matenda a m'matumbo, kudzimbidwa).
• Mavuto ndi dera kugonana. Amuna - yafupika potency mu akazi - matenda kusamba.
• Ndi kumva kutopa.
• Kuchuluka intracranial kuthamanga.
• Yafupika masomphenya.

Malinga ndi kuchepa kwa ADH?

Kuchepetsa vasopressin magazi kumachitika zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Chapakati shuga insipidus.
• Nephrotic syndrome.
• Psychogenic polydipsia.

Kodi zizindikiro mfundo chinawonjezeka katulutsidwe wa ADH?

• Yafupika tsiku diuresis (mkodzo kupanga).
• kulemera phindu pa chilakolako yafupika.
• Ulesi ndi chizungulire.
• Mutu.
• Kunyansidwa ndi kusanza.
• Minofu omangana.
• zotupa Various ya ubongo.
• kugona chisokonezo.

Kodi zinthu kuwonjezeka ananena mu mlingo wa ADH?

Kuenjezera vasopressin akhoza anati mu pathologies yodziwika ndi katulutsidwe kwambiri wa timadzi, iwo monga:

• Julien-Barre syndrome.
• Likukulira pachimake porphyria.

Komanso, n'zotheka pansi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• chotupa mu ubongo (yaikulu kapena metastases).
• matenda a ubongo.
• matenda mtima ubongo.
• Tuberculous meninjaitisi.
• Chibayo.

Antidiuretic timadzi - komwe kudzipereka?

Imodzi mwa njira yabwino kwambiri kuona ADH m'magazi ndi radioimmunoassay (RIA). Ikufanana kudziwa osmolarity ya madzi a m'magazi. kuwunika zingachitike mu malo aliwonse endocrinology. Zipatala zambiri payekha komanso kuchita nkhani zoterozo. Magazi anachitira ku mtsempha mu machubu popanda mchere; kutetezera iliyonse.

Pamaso yobereka magazi kwa timadzi antidiuretic ayenera kukhala 10-12 ola yopuma chakudya. Thupi ndi maganizo nkhawa madzulo a zoperekazo magazi tingayambe kuwunika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tsiku pamaso yobereka kuwunika kuti m'pofunika kuti asamachite yakalavulagaga thupi, osati kuchita nawo mpikisano masewera, si kutenga mayeso, etc.

Mankhwala angadwale mlingo wa ADH, ayenera kuchotsedwa. Ngati zimenezi sizingatheke chifukwa chilichonse, mitundu pempho m'pofunika mwachindunji zimene mankhwala ntchito, pamene ndi mlingo zomwe. Kusokoneza mlingo weniweni wa ADH mungathe mankhwala zotsatirazi:

• estrogens;
• ogonetsa;
• dzanzi;
• asamakhale ndi nkhawa;
• "Morphine";
• "Oxytocin pamene";
• "Cyclophosphamide";
• "Carbamazepine";
• "Vincristine";
• "Hlorpropamid";
• "Chlorothiazide";
• "Lifiyamu carbonate".

Analysis wa timadzi antidiuretic angathe kumwedwa palibe kale kuposa sabata imodzi pambuyo radioisotope kapena kafukufuku radiological.

phunziro Zimenezi zimatithandiza kusiyanitsa nephrogenic shuga insipidus ndi pituitary shuga insipidus ndi syndromes yodziwika ndi katulutsidwe kwambiri a ADH.