Spores ndi mycelium

Panopa timadziwa nambala yaikulu zosiyanasiyana bowa - pali zoposa zikwi zana. Ngakhale amaganiza kuti pali zambiri kwenikweni - awiri ndi theka - zikwi mazana atatu. Ambiri a iwo kukula pa dziko. Zikupezeka paliponse pamene pangakhale nthawi zina moyo.

mycelium

Pa fruiting matupi a bowa umabala kwambiri pa mlanduwo. Mwachitsanzo, pa sabata imodzi chabe chifukwa champignon awo kukula biliyoni 16! Pamene iwo zapsa, chipatso ayamba kugwa kunja kwa thupi. Ambiri spores bowa akutsatiridwa ndi mafunde mpweya pa mtunda wautali. Amathandiza kuti kufala kwa nyama, makoswe, slugs, ntchentche, mphutsi. zodabwitsazi amatchedwa zoochore.

Akulowa mu zinthu zina, ndi spores kuyamba kumera, kukhala hyphae, amene kukula mofulumira m'litali ndi nthambi. Anapanga mycelium wa bowa. Kodi kukula fruiting thupi - kuwerenga. The mycelium likulowerera gawo lapansi mu njira zonse. Magawo ake akupanga mofulumira, assimilating zakudya dothi. The hyphae kukula kuchokera spores osiyana mycelia. M'madera ena amapezeka ndi kulumikizana. Pa nthawi imeneyi pali zolimba mfundo, amene akufotokozera fruiting thupi. Ngati mikhalidwe yabwino ya mycelium limakula mosalekeza. Ndi zinthu kufooka, izo gwaa ndipo mabasi kukula.

Mycelium: luso yopanga

Kuti kukula kwa mycelium nokha, muyenera kupanga kuzungulira wa waya kapena singano. Ndiye calcined pa kutentha kwake kwa tizilombo yachilendo. Komanso bowa yopuma, ndi kuzungulira ndi kudula kachidutswa kakang'ono (ntchito gawo chapamwamba phazi). Chitsanzo chifukwa mankhwala ndi wa hydrogen peroxide ndipo anaikidwa mayeso chubu, poyamba calcined pakamwapo ake. Chidebe ndi chidutswa cha bowa aikidwa mu uvuni kapena m'malo a mdima.

Mycelium akufotokozera chilengedwe chatsopano mu masabata awiri. Pambuyo kuti mungagwiritse ntchito pochulukitsa ya mycelium wa bowa. Kodi kukula iwo ku fruiting thupi bowa ndi bowa porcini? Tikambirana pansipa, koma tsopano tiyeni tionenso chubu wathu. Stock chikhalidwe kusungidwa kutentha madigiri 1-2. Chaka chilichonse, tingathe passaged kwa malo atsopano zatu. Koma ngati kusungidwa yaitali kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri reseeded, m'pofunika kulamulira zikuchokera microbiological.

mitundu

Fungal mycelium colorless anapanga filaments woonda kapena hyphae zomwe zimapanga ducts ndi cytoplasm lapansi. Chosiyana bowa yarns imachitika mosiyanasiyana, nthambi, coalesce, ndi kupanga Kulumikizana filimu. Iwo ndi kukula malire ndi lateral nthambi. Mycelium thupi lawo vegetative ndi cholinga zinchito lagawidwa pawiri:

• Gawo lapansi mycelium - likulowerera gawo lapansi. Atatero, odzipereka natengedwa madzi ndi zinthu kusungunuka.
• Air kapena pamwamba mycelium - auka pamwamba gawo lapansi kuti apange Ziwalo zoberekera.

kapangidwe

Mycelium chikhale chovuta kuposa spores ndi fruiting thupi, chifukwa kwathunthu adalowetsedwa ku substratum lapansi. The mycelium wa bowa hyphae kupangidwa, omwe amatuluka kuchokera spores wa. kukula apical ya mycelium, ndi nthambi ndi mbali zonse. The mycelium ali ndi mlingo wosiyana wa kuwonjezeka ndi nthawi ya moyo, chimene chimadalira pa zinthu kunja. Koma dongosolo, izi mitundu ya dongosolo kuti tiganizire:

• Ma mycelium - anawagawa maselo makoma payekha. Mukachipinda ali pakati imodzi kapena ambiri.
• Noncellular mycelium - palibe partitions ndipo umaimira selo imodzi yaikulu, mwa zomwe mitima ambiri.

• Thupi vegetative ena bowa akuimira maselo budding kapena kugawa. Ngati sapita kunja, akhoza kupangidwa pseudomycelia. Limodzi likhoza ndikuganiza chifukwa ena bowa vegetative thupi la mtundu uwu. Mwachionekere, pali anatengera kwa zinthu zenizeni kukula: mu mycelium akhoza kupeza madzi zotsekemera mu mawonekedwe a madzi nkhalango zipatso kapena mitengo. Izo zasintha kapangidwe ka mycelium lapansi.

Kuti mudziwe:

• Gawo lapansi - nthaka, amene akudya bowa zinthu.
• Mycelium ndi mycelium - chimodzi ndi chomwecho. Iwo amakhala ndi ukonde mobisa.
• Fruiting thupi - ndi bowa.
• The vegetative thupi - mycelium kapena mycelium.

Kusamvana ndi kukula

Kuti spores Zidamera mu gawo lapansi, kuyenera kukhala ena chinyezi, kutentha ndi acidity. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, Chiwerengerochi ndi osiyana. Pamene mkangano afika mu malo wabwinobwino, zimayamba kumera. Iwo anapanga mycelium koyamba. maselo wake ndi phata limodzi. mycelium amenewa si angathe kupanga matupi fruiting. Izi zimachitika pamene maselo mononuclear chikugwirizana ndi phata wina, chibadwa ndi osiyana. Pophatikizana opangidwa maselo wapawiri-pachimake. Iwo amatha kale kupanga mycelium, wophuka mu thupi zipatso.

spores: kapangidwe

The bowa ambiri kubereka spores, chifukwa omwe pali kusintha mofulumira kudera latsopano ndi kuswana zina. Part bowa spore TACHIMATA wosanjikiza. matabwa ake ndi osiyana:

• Mbale - pamene spores ali unakhazikitsidwa pa zipangizo.
• Chitoliro - anakonza mkati tubules spores.
• Vnutriplodovoy - dongosolo ubereki ili mkati bowa ndi.

Mkangano: bwanji kuti iwo nokha?

zofunikira mu kubalana wa spores bowa. Ndi wosavuta kupeza. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kucha, osati nyongolotsi-kudya bowa ayenera anabzala lapansi ndi bonnet kuti akuya masentimita 5-10. Patapita masiku 2-3 chipewa atachotsedwa, ndipo spores kukhala m'dzikolo.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina. Kuti tichite zimenezi, overripe kapena nyongolotsi-kudya bowa kapu pogaya, kenako zilowerere zidutswa mu madzi mtsinje kwa masiku awiri ndi kuika mu mdima. madzimadzi kundipatsa uzipereka pa kama pomwe anakonza kukula bowa. zaka 1-3 mycelium germinates.

bowa mycelium

bowa Awa ndi lofunika chakudya mankhwala. Iwo ali olemera mu mapuloteni, mavitamini, mchere. Bowa kupereka mkulu zokolola ndipo ndi opindulitsa mbewu kukula m'munda. Iwo amakonda malo pamthunzi: pansi mitengo m'minda ya raspberries ndi strawberries, mu mthunzi wa outbuildings ndi mipanda. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti iwo dzuŵa mwachindunji.

Pamaso kubzala, bowa nthaka ayenera bwino anamasuka. Namsongole ndi mizu zitsamba zosiyanasiyana sangachotse ngati iwo saletsa ndi zomera zina. Pa okonzeka m'dera afesedwa bowa mycelium. Bowa mulibe kudikira nthawi yaitali. Patapita miyezi 2-2.5 mycelium akuyamba kubala zipatso. Isanafike nthawi imeneyi, palibe kusintha kuonekera malo pamwamba ndi kubzala sangakhoze wapezeka. Afesedwa mycelium pamwamba atseka wosanjikiza ka manyowa.

Fruiting akuyamba mu kasupe oyambirira ndipo itha ya masika. Ndi isanayambike nyengo yozizira, nawonso zibzalidwe mycelium. Koma nthawi yabwino imeneyi akuti ndi chiyambi cha September - khumi zoyambirira za December, mapeto a February - m'ma May.

Nthawi yokolola bowa ayenera kudula mosamala unscrew bwino. Ndiye chipatso thupi sakhala pansi ndi kuyamba kuvunda, kukopa tizilombo. Akukhulupirira kuti bowa simungakhoze kukoka kunja, chifukwa angathe kuwononga mycelium. Konse. Bowa limabweretsa gulu la bowa, ndi mizu alibe. mikangano yonse tidzakhalabe mu nthaka ndi sadzafa. Mukakhala kusonkhanitsa bowa, ali masabata awiri kukula pontho.

Nyengo yozizira ozizira Kumalimbikitsa munda Sikuti. Spores ndi mycelium wa bowa bwinobwino outsource ngakhale otsika kutentha kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, kukula ndi anaima, ndi spores akugona. M'chaka iwo kulumikizana ndi kupereka zokolola lochuluka.

Chaka chilichonse masika pamene iwo mwamantha nthawi fruiting, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kumwaza pa mycelium humus kapena humus. No feteleza ndi mankhwala! Mycelium amakhala nthawi yaitali, zaka 8-10, kukula kukula chaka chilichonse.

Mycelium woyera bowa

bowa Izi zingabzalidwe mu chipinda, koma yabwino - kutchire. Anasankha gawo pafupi ndi mitengo ya zipatso kapena pansi. Ndiye anakumba dzenje akuya 30 cm. M'pofunika kuwonjezera masamba akugwa, dziko nkhalango ndi peat. The bwino anaikidwa mycelium porcini bowa ndi nthaka ndi Moss. Kuwaza ndi masamba ndi zinyalala Oil naye ku nkhalango. Pamwamba pa mycelium ali ndi matabwa. Zidzakhalanso choncho kukhalabe chinyezi ena.

Mu kouma, kawiri sabata ayenera kuthiriridwa mycelium. Kusintha mosavuta mbande mu madzi kukhala anawonjezera tizilombo. Pa nthawi ya nyengo yachisanu dera mycelium n'kofunika kubisa pamwamba pa masamba wagwa, udzu, nthambi spruce kapena Moss. Mkubwela kwa masika ndi kuphimbira kuchotsedwa.

Chitin mycelium - chiyani ntchito?

Special machiritso katundu wa bowa kugwirizana ndi glucans ali ndi polysaccharides, kuphatikizapo chitin. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane:

• Fungal mycelium aumbike chitin ulusi, amene adzalandira ntchito odana ndi khansa ndi chilonda machiritso imapanga.
• The mycelium zouma umagwiritsidwa ntchito amayaka. Mabala kuchiritsa mofulumira osati fester.
• Chidwi makamaka chitin ulusi - monga analogue chakudya.

• Iwo ayamba kupeza ntchito mankhwala - ntchito zolinga njira.
• Mu formulations ulimi monga chitin, yotengekatengeka presowing mankhwala a mbewu. Pambuyo iwo kupereka kumera bwino.