Kodi chachikale chinkawavuta? Zitsanzo za ntchito zamakono

Language konse Liima. Iye ndi chamoyo moyo, kumvera malamulo a chitukuko osatekeseka. Ena zigawo ake kwambiri kusinthidwa, ena utaposedwa atsopano. Kumene, zotsatira pa ndondomeko ndi chitukuko cha anthu ndi (kusintha kapangidwe chikhalidwe, wolowezana), ndipo patsogolo kwa sayansi. Osati mwangozi mogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha Internet ndi computerization wa otaya anati m'chilankhulo cha nambala yaikulu mawu atsopano - neologisms, barbarisms zina (ie zizindikiro ayi koma katswiri mu zonse, nthawi zambiri zosiyana kulemba chinenero). Pamene mawu achikale ndi mfundo za m'mbuyomu. Koma iwo sinatheretu, chifukwa ichi ndi liwonongeke. Ndipo malingana ngati anthu moyo, podziwa kuti limasonyeza Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "Komsomol" kapena "sukulu luso" kapena ntchito luso lomwe ntchito mawu achikale (zambiri kuzimvetsa kwa wowerenga ano mu mawonekedwe a ndemanga, mawu zowonjezera), mwamtheradi iwo sadzafa . Kusiya mphatso m'mbuyomu zikhoza lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika pa archaisms ndi historicism. Otsiriza - mawu kutanthauza zochitika ndi lothandiza zachikunja, zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, '' m malaya "," malaya "," ophimba "," kalaliki "- lero palibe mtundu wa zovala, galimoto maudindo. No serfs ndi boyars. Choncho, historicism. Koma Nanga ndi archaism? Koma tsopano mwa ntchito mawu amene amasonyeza alipo chodabwitsa, lingaliro, chinthu. "LANIT" - mofanana masaya, "zala" - zala, "khosi" - khosi. Koma ife sindikuyankhula. Kumvetsetsa zimene chachikale chinkawavuta ndi cholinga chake mu chinenero ndi mabuku kuchifotokoza, kodi maganizo ake.

Kwa chiwerengero cha mawu izo sanasinthe kufunika kulemba aliyense, koma iwo kutchulidwa zamakono mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, "Music", "chizindikiro". Ndipotu yomwenso m'ma 19 anali kumene tsopano anati, "Music", "chizindikiro". Ndi phonetically mawu achikale. Ndipo kodi anachronism zamalankhulidwe? mawu awa, amene namwalira mfundo umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Mwachitsanzo, "yosalekerera m'mimba." Ife sindikuyankhula za mbali imodzi ya thupi. Kamodzi liwu limeneli limatanthauza "moyo." Kapena "scoundrel" - kamodzi mawu sanali temberero, temberero, nalongosola kuti munthu osayenera usilikali. Ndilo mawu wasiyidwa, koma tsopano ntchito nkhani zosiyana, tanthauzo losiyana.

Kodi chachikale chinkawavuta lexical kapena lexical derivation? Mwachitsanzo, amene ndi "mbala" mu phraseologisms "Aki mbala usiku"? Kamodzi liwu limeneli limatanthauza "mbala", tsopano ntchito kokha monga mbali ya mawu okuluwika izi, ndipo n'kovuta kwambiri. Mbala kulibe, koma chizindikiro ndi chinthu chakale. Ndipo apa, mwachitsanzo, "chiyanjano" m'malo mwa "ubwenzi", "asodzi" m'malo mwa "msodzi" ndi momveka bwino kuti ife, monga kusinthidwa ngati suffixes. lexical archaisms Izi Chirasha mawu mapangidwe. Timazindikira kuti "madola" - ndi "chigwa", "funso" - "kufunsa", koma mawu monga "pudding" (chakudya, chakudya) kapena "tsiku lina" (dzana) kale muyenera ndemanga. Komabe, archaisms, mawu achikale (kuphatikizapo historicism), kuthandiza kuti recreate kukoma kwa nyengo ya wolemba. Choncho, iwo ndi mbali ya stylistic, makamaka ngati ntchito malankhulidwe kapena Zolemba za m'nthawi. Nthawi zambiri amadziwa chachikale chinkawavuta, thandizo ndi dzina (mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu "Tsiku Other" ndipo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito M'zaka zaposachedwapa mawu akuti "munda" mu mutu), ndipo Zining'a, imene pali zinthu chakale ( "namatetule" - kuchokera " chikhato "- muyeso wa m'litali). Kuti timvetse tanthauzo la dzina, kapena Zining'a, tiyenera kufufuza ndi mawu apadera (mwachitsanzo, mawu achikale ndi mawu).