The Coulomb Law

Ngati mutumizira mphamvu yamagetsi kapena yoipa ku electroscope yomwe simungathe kutulutsa, mudzawona kuti masamba a electroscope adzasintha pang'ono kapena ang'onoang'ono.

Gwirani ndi magetsi ndodo ku ndodo ya electroscope ndikukumbukira momwe masamba adzasinthire. Kuti apereke kusiyana kwa masamba a electroscope pamtunda waukulu, ndikofunikira kutumiza ndalama kuchokera kumalo akuluakulu a ndodoyo. Ndipo, mosiyana, masamba adzatembenuka, pamene inu mukhudza ndodo ya electroscope ndi dzanja lanu.

Kotero, ife tikupeza kuti mphamvu ya magetsi pa matupi ndi mocheperapo. Chifukwa chake, tikhoza kukambirana za lingaliro ngati kukula kwa chilango, choncho, ponena za chiyeso chake.

Izi zinatheka chifukwa cha zomwe anapeza kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Lamulo lokhudza kugwirizana kwa magetsi a magetsi. Lamulo limeneli linapezedwa ndi French physicist Coulomb.

Lamulo la Coulomb linapezedwa poyesera: wasayansi anayesa kuyesa ndi miyeso ya torsion, yomwe anayeza mphamvu yomwe magetsi amagwirizana.

Kulimbitsa thupi kumaphatikizapo kuwala, kopanda magetsi kogwiritsira ntchito miyala yoimika pamtambo wochepa kwambiri wachitsulo mu kapu ya galasi yamagetsi. Pa mapeto ena a ndodo, mpira wotsekemera wamakono ndi wosasunthika, ndipo pambali pake - chimakhala chochepa. Pamapeto pake pamapeto pake, waya amamangidwira pakati pa mutu, wopangidwa ndi pointer ndi kusinthasintha pamlingo womwe uli ndi magawano, omwe amathandiza kudziwa kukula kwa waya wopangidwira.

Chivindikiro cha chotengera chiri ndi dzenje limene wina, mpira womwewo, womwe ndi wofanana ndi mpira womwe uli waukulu, umaperekedwa kwa wodwalayo. Kukula kwa mtunda waung'ono pakati pa mipira yokongola ndi a b ikuwerengedwera ndi magulu omwe ali pamtsinje wachitsulo. Kuti muchite izi, mutembenuzire mutu wake pamtunda, mukhoza kusintha mtunda.

Mipira yonse ija itayikidwa ndipo imayikidwa pamtunda uliwonse, phokosolo likhoza kudziwa mphamvu yomwe mipirayi ikugwirizanitsa poyesa mawonekedwe a filament.

Ngati chipangizocho chisanayambe maphunziro, ndiye kuti poyesa kuyendayenda pamutu, n'zotheka kupeza ndi mphamvu yomwe mipira yosakanikirana ikugwirizanitsa.

Pamene akusintha mtunda wa pakati pa mipira, Coulomb inapeza kuti nthawi zonse amatsutsana ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zidzakhala zosiyana pakati pa malo awo.

Yankho la vutoli poyesa kukula kwa milandu pa mipira inali motere: ngati mpira b ulipira ndipo, atachoka pa chipangizochi, wothandizana ndi mpira wina, ndiye kuti theka lomwelo lidzapita ku mpira wina b. Choncho, chilangocho chidzakhalabe theka. Kuika mpira b kubwalo, Coulomb inapeza kuti pamtunda womwewo pakati pa mipira, mphamvu yawo yogwirizanitsa imakhala yaing'ono - mwachindunji pokhapokha ngati kuchepetsedwa kwake kuli.

Mofananamo, kuimbidwa kwa mpira kusuntha kumasiyana.

Chifukwa cha kuyesera kumeneku, anapeza kuti patapita nthawi amadziwika kuti malamulo a Coulomb, tanthauzo lake ndilo: mphamvu ya kuyanjana kwa milandu iwiri ikugwirizana mofanana ndi kukula kwake, mosiyana kwambiri ndi malo a mtunda pakati pa milandu ndipo imayendetsedwa motsatira mzere umene umagwirizanitsa milandu imeneyi.

Lamulo la Coulomb Amonton likufotokozedwa ndi lamulo:

F = k (q1q2 / r²),

Kumene q1 ndi q2 ndizofunikira pazifukwa zomwe zimagwirizana, r ndilo mtunda wa pakati pazifukwazo, ndipo k ndiyomweyero coefficient, zomwe zimadalira kuti zigawo zoyeza zimakhala zotani.

Pachifukwa ichi, milandu yotereyi imatchedwa kuti milandu ya maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali ochepa poyerekezera ndi kutalika komwe kugwirizanitsa kwawo kumaganiziridwa.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mphamvu F imakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe, ndipo ndondomeko yomwe imasonyeza lamulo la Coulomb limagwira ntchito pokhapokha mutagwirizanitsa matupi opangidwira muzitsulo.

Chifukwa cha lamulo la Coulomb, unit of electrical discharge inakhazikitsidwa. Kotero, zikutanthawuza kulipira komwe kumachitapo kanthu pamtundu wofanana, womwe ndi mtunda wa mamita imodzi, ndi mphamvu ya dyne imodzi. Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wa electrostatic unit.