Boma

Boma - dongosolo la matupi chapamwamba cha mphamvu ya boma. mfundo zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka mapangidwe awo komanso dongosolo la kufalitsa mphamvu pakati pawo. Lachifumu ndipo Republic - mawonekedwe chachikulu cha boma.

Choyamba - ufumu - yodziwika yekha (kapena pafupifupi yekha) ntchito mwamphamvu. Mu dongosolo ili, mphamvu zambiri tinatengera.

Origin ndi chitukuko cha mawonekedwe monarchical a boma zinachitika mu zikhalidwe za dongosolo kapolo. Mu nthawi ang'onoang'ono, dongosolo wakhala waukulu. Akukhulupirira kuti wakale kwambiri mu dziko ufumu achepetse - Japanese.

Chakale ufumu anapatsidwa zotsatirazi chachikulu:

- pamaso pa mutu yekha wa boma, anapatsidwa mphamvu ndi ntchito moyo (Farao, Sultan, Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu, ndi shah, mfumu, mfumu, mfumu);

- kukhazikitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu kuti cholowa;

- kupezeka kwa irresponsibility malamulo a mfumu (kulephera kutsatira mutu wa boma la ndondomeko iyenera kukonzedwa (kuyang'anira)). Tikumbukenso kuti mbiri pali zitsanzo zambiri zosonyeza mmene conspiracies ndi boma lachifumu ndipo chilengedwe cha vuto chosintha mu dziko ndi cholinga kugonjetsa autocracy.

Mtheradi ufumu amatchedwa boma limene mphamvu Lalikulu onse ndi chilamulo ali kwathunthu kwa munthu wina.

Pamene autocracy mphamvu oyendetsera dziko la mutu wa boma zimadalira kwenikweni ndi thupi womuimira. Monga ulamuliro, malamulo otere anakhazikitsa lamulo lalikulu ladziko, zimene pamapeto ananena yamalamulo. Mutu wa State kusintha malamulo si wakuti.

Mu ufumu malamulo a dziko lino kuonetsetsa mitundu dualistic ndi aphungu a boma.

Ngati dongosolo aphungu mapangidwe boma woimira gulu makamaka (kapena zipani angapo), amene analandira mavoti ambiri mu chisankho. Mutu wa boma ndiye wobwezera mtsogoleri wa chipanichi kuti ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mipando. Kwa mtundu aphungu a boma yodziwika chifukwa analibe mphamvu, mfumu kwenikweni mu milandu, yemwe ndi malamulo. Dongosolo ili, yamalamulo utenga malamulo, mutu wa boma yokhala anasaina. The Malamulo oyendetsera boma ndi udindo kuti autocrat, ndi yamalamulo. Izi BOMA dongosolo alipo Mwachitsanzo, mu Denmark, Belgium, Great Britain.

Wapawiri mafumu ali ndi khalidwe wapawiri. Zoona komanso malamulo Chigawo cha mphamvu ikuchitika boma, lomwe aumbike mwa nyumba yamalamulo ndi mfumu.

Otchedwa Republic boma m'chigawo amene matupi osankhidwa ndi ulamuliro wapamwamba. Matupi awa amasankhidwa ndi anthu kwa nthawi yoikika.

Zizindikiro Common fomu iyi ya boma monga:

- pamaso pa mutu collegial kapena chokhacho cha boma;

- selectivity akuluakulu wapamwamba (kuphatikizapo Pulezidenti) kwa nthawi zina;

- kulamulira zolimbitsa thupi (mphamvu) m'malo mwa anthu osati nzeru zawo;

- kumanga zochita zonse za mphamvu wapamwamba boma;

- pali udindo pa malamulo pansi pa lamulo, mutu wa boma.

Pali aphungu ndi mawonekedwe pulezidenti wa boma boma. mitundu onse ali ano machitidwe mphamvu.

Pamene lipabliki aphungu a otsogolera mu mapangidwe moyo m'dziko wa nyumba yamalamulo. Mu mawonekedwe pulezidenti wa boma ndi dongosolo aphungu mu manja a pulezidenti analoŵa mphamvu za boma ndi mutu wa boma.