M'matangadza mafuta mu dziko

nkhokwe mafuta mu dziko akhoza Akuti pamaziko zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kwa tsiku, atsimikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma anaipeza, amene amalola kupeza panyengo mlingo panopa luso chitukuko ndi luso.

Russia ali ndi gulu pa m'matangadza mchere monga mafuta, gasi, condensate, ndipo iwo ali zigawo zopanda malonda. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo nambala 126 ya 07/02/2001 Ministry of Natural Resources, nalowa mphamvu pa gulu 01/01/2012 latsopano ovomerezeka mu 2005 ndi kuti nambala 298.

mafuta zimagawidwa motere:

1. Zilipo

• odalirika;
• anakhazikitsa;
• Akuti;
• ankaimbidwa.

2. Resources

• isanafalikire;
• kaonedwe;
• patsogolo.

M'matangadza mafuta mu dziko amafuna mayiko SPE-PRMS gulu mfundo. Izi ndi njira ambiri, amene amalola inu kuganizira osati Mwina kupeza mu minda, komanso dzuwa chuma kupanga. m'matangadza onse magulu 3:

• anatsimikizira kuti akatenge mwina 90%;
• Mwina ndi 50%;
• N'zotheka madipoziti pafupifupi 10%.

Kugwirizanitsa gulu lililonse loti zambiri zochita zabwino, UN zachitika ndipo akufuna kuti m'kagulu chuma yotengedwa ndi zitsime zamafuta m'dziko dongosolo chonse, m'munsi mwa ndiwo muyezo yakuti chuma ndi chikhalidwe viability kwa ntchitoyo, udindo wake ndi kulungamitsa chitukuko cha madipoziti, kudziwa za miyala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro lapadera. Kuphatikiza akugwirizana ndi atatu amalenga dongosolo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena.

Mu US, mafuta zimagawidwa monga muyezo zotsatirazi :. Malinga ndi gawo kapena sheya msika, monga SPE - Society of Mafuta Akatswiri, AAPG - Association of Mafuta Akatswiriwa, etc. Mu mogwirizana ndi kumasulidwa izi:

• Kutsimikiziridwa nkhokwe, kapena nkhokwe, amene yodziwika ndi 90 mpaka 95% mwa yopezera Mwina pa chaka.
• Unproven.
• Strategic nkhokwe ya mafuta ali mu 4 repositories achilengedwe.

katundu uyu, m'mayiko ambiri kuti alenge ubwino zachuma. Biliyoni 4. Ili mu wambiri umene zili 1.4 biliyoni. Lolamulidwa ndi boma.

Ponena za zochitika, ndi nkhokwe ankayembekezera mafuta mu dziko m'minda lotseguka ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa n'zotheka kwenikweni yotengedwa. Amakhala ndi moyo mwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana Mwachitsanzo, luso limakupatsani kuchotsa kukula kwa madipoziti payekha a zipangizo kuti sizingakhoze kuchitidwa pamene inatha njira.

World nkhokwe mafuta ndi zofunika kusunga ndalama za IT-umisiri ndi galimoto latsopano. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mtengo wa mafuta ku siteshoni ya mpweya chawonjezeka 7 khola mu zaka zapitazi 10. Chifukwa cha ichi kwagona kuti mafuta kupanga padziko lonse utachepa kwambiri.

Malinga ndi Energy Information Administration American nkhokwe padziko lonse za thililiyoni 1.3. Mbiya. Ndi ku Middle East koposa theka, Mu Africa (biliyoni 750 mbiya.) - biliyoni 120 mu Europe ndi ku Asia -. Biliyoni 100, Asia ndi Oceania ali biliyoni 4 mbiya, .. EU mayiko ndi pafupifupi kwina. Pali nkhokwe yaikulu ya mafuta Arctic -. About biliyoni 90 mbiya, 22% ya iwo ali unproven nkhokwe dziko.

World mafuta kupanga malinga ndi miyala ndi nthaka analemekeza K. Deffeysa kuyambira cha m'ma XIX atumwi anali thililiyoni 1 kuchokera 2.3 thililiyoni. mbiya. Zinali kwambiri mosavuta ndi apamwamba mafuta ndi m'matangadza otsala amaonedwa kukhala otsika khalidwe. Pofotokoza thereto zokhudzana mafuta kapena theka-olimba zinthu, kupanga umene posachedwapa n'kosayenera, ndi maganizo otsutsana chifukwa cha zovuta za ulimi ndi processing. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti mafuta wotchipa sadzakhalanso kupangidwa.

Chakudya cha anthu zimadalira mafuta, chifukwa kulibe popanda mafakitale ulimi, kupanga, misika chuma ndi zoyendera. Tiyenera kukhala njira zamakono kuti kuchepetsa mafuta kupanga katundu, kusiya mowa wake kwa kupoletsa mphamvu matenthedwe kulenga ya amayesetsa bwino zoyendera. Muyenera ndalama ndi kusintha kwa magwero mphamvu zina, ndipo ndi chokha njira kwa anthu.